V substitution in homogeneous equations (diff eq)

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on solving a homogeneous differential equation by substituting \( v = \frac{y}{x} \) into the equation \( y' = \frac{3y^2 - x^2}{2xy} \). The user initially struggles with integrating and simplifying the equation correctly, particularly in handling logarithmic algebra. After several iterations and corrections, the final solution is confirmed as \( |y^2 - x^2| = c|x|^3 \), aligning with the textbook answer. The key takeaway is the importance of careful algebraic manipulation in differential equations.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of homogeneous differential equations
  • Familiarity with substitution methods in differential equations
  • Knowledge of logarithmic properties and algebra
  • Basic calculus concepts, including integration and differentiation
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the method of substitution in solving differential equations
  • Learn about homogeneous functions and their properties
  • Review logarithmic identities and their applications in algebra
  • Practice solving various types of differential equations, focusing on integration techniques
USEFUL FOR

Students studying differential equations, mathematics educators, and anyone looking to improve their algebraic manipulation skills in calculus contexts.

jimmypoopins
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Hey all, i think I'm doing most of this right, but I'm missing a coefficient somewhere when integrating or something...

Homework Statement


Substitute v=y/x into the following differential equation to show that it is homogeneous, and then solve the differential equation.

y'=(3y^2-x^2)/(2xy)


Homework Equations


v=y/x
y=xv(x) => y'=v+xv'
v'=dv/dx

The Attempt at a Solution



y'=(3y^2-x^2)/(2xy)
divide top and bottom of right hand side by x^2 to get v's and replace y' by v+xv'
v+xv'=(3v^2-1)/(2v)
subtract v from both sides
xv'=(3v^2-1)/(2v)-v
put the lonely v on a common denominator
xv'=(3v^2-1-2v^2)/(2v)=(v^2-1)/(2v)
separate v's and x's
(2v)dv/(v^2-1)=dx/x
integrate
ln|v^2-1|=ln|x|+c
substitute v=y/x
ln|(y/x)^2-1|=ln|x|+c
simplify
ln|y^2-x^2|=ln|x|+c


the back of the book says the answer is |y^2-x^2|=c|x|^3.

what am i doing wrong? I'm missing a 3 somewhere. I'm kinda rusty with lograthimic algebra, so all help is appreciated. I've gotten a few of these problems wrong by missing a constant or exponent on the right hand of the side of the equation after integrating.
 
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jimmypoopins said:
ln|(y/x)^2-1|=ln|x|+c
simplify
ln|y^2-x^2|=ln|x|+c


These two lines.


Remember:

[tex](\frac{y^2}{x^2})-1=\frac{y^2-x^2}{x^2}[/tex]


Now just simplify again.
 
rock.freak667 said:
These two lines.


Remember:

[tex](\frac{y^2}{x^2})-1=\frac{y^2-x^2}{x^2}[/tex]


Now just simplify again.

ah, sloppy algebra by me :) thanks.

then i get
ln|(y^2-x^2)/x^2|=ln|x|+ln|c|
ln|(y^2-x^2)|-ln|x^2|=ln|x|+ln|c|
ln|(y^2-x^2)|=ln|x|+ln|x^2|+ln|c|
y^2-x^2=c|x|^3

which is in the back of the book. thanks!
 

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