Vector calculus finding the surface normal

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating the components of vectors u and v in vector calculus, specifically from the book "Div, Grad, Curl and All That." The user seeks clarification on how these components are derived, particularly on pages 14 and 15. The calculation of vector u is defined as a tangent vector, influenced by the surface's steepness, while vector v is orthogonal to u. The normal vector is determined by the cross product of u and v, emphasizing the importance of understanding the relationship between tangent vectors and their respective components in the x and y directions.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of vector calculus concepts, particularly tangent vectors.
  • Familiarity with the cross product of vectors.
  • Knowledge of orthonormal vectors and their representation in three-dimensional space.
  • Basic comprehension of the implications of surface steepness on vector calculations.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of tangent vectors in vector calculus.
  • Learn about the cross product and its applications in calculating normals.
  • Explore the concept of orthogonality in vector spaces.
  • Review graphical representations of functions to visualize tangent and normal vectors.
USEFUL FOR

Students preparing for exams in vector calculus, educators teaching the subject, and anyone looking to deepen their understanding of tangent and normal vectors in three-dimensional space.

frixis
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okay i was reading the book "div, grad cur and all that"
i've just started for my exam. but i got stuck in the beginning. I'm attaching the page because i really don't get it .
basically pages 14 and 15. i don't get how they calculate the components of u and v.
if someone explains u i'll get v obviously.
thanks
 

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frixis said:
okay i was reading the book "div, grad cur and all that"
i've just started for my exam. but i got stuck in the beginning. I'm attaching the page because i really don't get it .
basically pages 14 and 15. i don't get how they calculate the components of u and v.
if someone explains u i'll get v obviously.
thanks

U is calculated as a tangent vector. Consider how the rate of change impacts the tangent vector. Think about how a steep surface or how a flat surface would impact the definition of u. Its probably best if visualize a normal one dimensional function and the normal tangent vector to that function.

If you relate u vector to the function tangent in the x direction and v vector to that in the y direction you have two vectors that are orthogonal to each other and represent the best information to calculate a normal since the normal is u x v.

On a steep surface we would have a normal that would have a smaller z component than if the surface were flat on the x,y plane.

In terms of calculation they are converting the x and z components which is df/dx * ux or whatever it says in the book by writing it in terms of its components which are in terms of the orthonormal vectors i j and k which correspond to the unit vectors of the x y and z axis respectively. Just reflect on what units everything is in by looking at the diagram and see how the units for x and z correspond to units or i and k respectively.
 

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