Vector Projection Problem: Solving for Component in Given Direction

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The discussion revolves around a vector projection problem presented in a CEE 270 exam, where a force vector F has a specified component in the direction of another vector P. The main confusion stems from whether a coordinate system rotation is necessary to solve for the unknown component F_y. The professor clarified that no rotation is needed, which led to further inquiries about how to approach the problem. Participants highlighted that recognizing the problem as a vector projection is key to finding the solution. Understanding vector projections is essential for solving this type of problem effectively.
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This question was just given on a CEE 270 exam (handwritten by professor). The way it's written doesn't make any sense to me.

Homework Statement



A force vector
\vec{F} = (70.0 \hat{i} + F_{y} \hat{j} + 140.0 \hat{k} ) N​

has a component of +20.0 N in the direction defined by the vector
\vec{P} = (6 \hat{i} - 3 \hat{j} - 2 \hat{k} ) kN​

Solve for F_{y}.

The Attempt at a Solution



I asked the professor if I needed to rotate the coordinate system as the question states that a component of \vec{F} is in the \vec{P} direction. He said no rotation of the coordinate system should be needed.

I am very confused at how to even approach this problem. Please help. Does it even make sense?
 
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The problem makes sense. When you want to know the projection of one vector onto another, what vector operation comes to mind?
 
Wow... I didn't recognize it as a vector projection problem... Thank you!
 
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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