Velocity of Center of Mass for a Downwardly-Rotating Sphere

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SUMMARY

The velocity of the center of mass for a sphere rolling down an inclined plane with friction is determined using the equation v = √(2MgHr²)/(I + Mr²). In this scenario, the sphere starts from rest and rolls without slipping, meaning that friction does not perform work on the sphere. The conservation of energy principle is applied, accounting for both translational and rotational kinetic energy, leading to the final formula for velocity. The initial kinetic energy is zero, and the final potential energy is converted into kinetic energy of translation and rotation.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of rotational inertia (I) and its role in kinetic energy
  • Familiarity with the conservation of energy principle in physics
  • Knowledge of the relationship between linear and angular velocity in rolling motion
  • Basic algebra for manipulating equations and solving for variables
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the concept of rolling motion and its implications on energy conservation
  • Learn about the moment of inertia for different shapes, particularly spheres
  • Explore the effects of friction on rolling objects and how it differs from sliding motion
  • Investigate the application of energy conservation in various mechanical systems
USEFUL FOR

Physics students, educators, and anyone interested in understanding the dynamics of rolling objects and energy conservation principles in mechanics.

CARNiVORE
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Homework Statement


mass = M
radius = r
rot. inertia = i
height = h
Sphere of mass M is released from rest at the top of an inclined plane.
The speed of the center of mass at the bottom of the incline, without friction, is sqrt(2gh).

I need to find the velocity of the center of mass assuming the plane has friction and the sphere rolls without slipping.

Homework Equations



I'm perplexed. My only guess would be vcm = (Σmivi)/(Σmi)

The Attempt at a Solution



The correct answer is √(2MgHr2)/(I+Mr2).
 
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A more useful relevant equation would be work conservation. What does that have to say?
 
Thanks for the response. That's a good idea. Let's see what I can do with that. It starts from rest, so Ki = 0. It ends at h=0, so Uf = 0.
Wi = Ki
Ui = Kf + Wƒ
mgh = .5mv2 + μmgh
2gh = v2 + 2μgh
√2gh - 2μgh = v

Definitely incorrect. Since μ isn't even in the answer, I'm guessing that I either need to solve for μ, or I approached this completely incorrectly. Maybe both. What do you think?
 
CARNiVORE said:
Thanks for the response. That's a good idea. Let's see what I can do with that. It starts from rest, so Ki = 0. It ends at h=0, so Uf = 0.
Wi = Ki
Ui = Kf + Wƒ
mgh = .5mv2 + μmgh
2gh = v2 + 2μgh
√2gh - 2μgh = v

Definitely incorrect. Since μ isn't even in the answer, I'm guessing that I either need to solve for μ, or I approached this completely incorrectly. Maybe both. What do you think?
It is rolling now, not sliding, so the friction does no work. On the other hand, you have not counted all the KE of the ball.
 
Oops, that was a silly mistake. I also forgot to add .5iω2 to the final kinetic energy. I've figured it out now, though:

mgh = .5mv2 + .5iω2
2mgh = mv2 + i(v2/r2)
2mghr2 = mv2r2 + iv2
2mghr2 = v2(mr2 + i)
2mghr2/(mr2 + i) = v2

Then just take the square root of both sides. Thanks for your help!
 

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