Voltmeter in Series as self inductance of cables is significant

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on using a lock-in amplifier to measure AC voltage across a superconducting wire sample within a cryostat, emphasizing the significance of self-inductance and capacitance in the measurement setup. The circuit configuration includes resistors R1 and R2, with R2 set at 47 Ohms to maintain constant current. The user seeks to derive a relationship between the voltages V2 (across R1) and V3 (measured by the lock-in amplifier), given the influence of self-inductance (L1, L2) and capacitance (C1) of the measurement wires. The user has struggled to find relevant resources to assist in formulating this expression.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of lock-in amplifiers and their applications in AC measurements.
  • Familiarity with circuit analysis, particularly in series and parallel configurations.
  • Knowledge of self-inductance and capacitance in electrical circuits.
  • Basic principles of superconductivity and its effects on resistance measurements.
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the mathematical relationships in AC circuits involving inductance and capacitance.
  • Study the operation and configuration of lock-in amplifiers for precise voltage measurements.
  • Explore methods for calculating impedance in circuits with inductive and capacitive components.
  • Investigate the effects of temperature on the resistance of superconducting materials.
USEFUL FOR

Electrical engineers, physicists, and researchers involved in superconductivity experiments, particularly those measuring AC resistance in cryogenic environments.

egon ll
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Hello,

I am using a lock-in amplifier to measure the AC voltage across a small sample of superconducting wire located in a cryostat.
As the self-inductance and the capacitance of the wires used for the measurement are non-negligible, I have basically connected the lock-in amplifier in series with the sample.

Here is a circuit diagram:

___Constant V AC Source_______
| |
| |
| |
|_______R1_____________R2___|
| |
|_______| |_____ |
| | | |
| C1 |
L1 L2
| |
| |
|__Lock-in Amp____|


My aim is to determine the resistance R1 (resistance of the sample) as a function of AC frequency above and below the transition temperature of the sample.
The resistor R2 is supposed to make sure that the current through the circuit is constant.
It is also used to infer the current in the circuit by measuring the voltage across it (R2=47Ohms).

If V1 is the voltage across the voltage source, V2 is the voltage across R1 and V3 is the voltage measured by the lock-in amplifier,
I need to find an expression relating the 3.
The self-inductance of the wires is given by L1 and L2 and C1 is the capacitance of the wires running parallel.

V1 and V2 are related in the following way.

V2 = V1*R1/(R1+R2)

Now my question is, how do I obtain an expression relating V3 and V2?
I have tried to find a solution in a few books but I couldn't find anything.
All I could find on a Google search is that a voltmeter has to be connected in parallel which doesn't really help.

Thank you very much for your help.
 
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Circuit Diagram

Here is a better circuit diagram.
 

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