What activates protein synthesis?

In summary, protein synthesis is activated by transcription factors that bind to DNA and regulate the process of transcription. This can be triggered by various signals, such as hormones, in order to produce proteins in the body.
  • #1
jayadds
42
0
Hi all,

I was just wondering, what stimulus activates protein synthesis? I already know the steps of protein synthesis but is there a particular mechanism that triggers the RNA polymerase to start transcription? In other words, how does the body know when to produce proteins? Is it possibly with hormones?

Many thanks,
Jay
 
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  • #2
Protein synthesis is controlled by transcription factors that bind to DNA to either promote or repress transcription.
 
  • #3
Here's a chapter from Albert's Molecular Biology of the Cell giving some examples of how various signals can turn genes on and off in bacteria and eukaryotes:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26872/
 

1. What is protein synthesis?

Protein synthesis is the process by which cells build proteins. It involves the transcription of DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA) and the translation of mRNA into amino acids, which are then linked together to form proteins.

2. What activates protein synthesis?

Protein synthesis is activated by a variety of factors, including hormones, growth factors, and cellular stress. The most well-known activator of protein synthesis is insulin, which stimulates the uptake of amino acids into cells and triggers the production of proteins.

3. How does protein synthesis occur in the body?

Protein synthesis occurs in the ribosomes of cells. First, the DNA sequence for a specific protein is transcribed into mRNA. The mRNA then moves out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm, where it is translated into a chain of amino acids. This chain of amino acids then folds into a specific protein.

4. What are the key steps in protein synthesis?

The key steps in protein synthesis are transcription and translation. Transcription is the process of copying the DNA sequence into mRNA, and translation is the process of converting the mRNA into a chain of amino acids. Other important steps include post-translational modifications and protein folding.

5. How does protein synthesis affect the body?

Protein synthesis is essential for the growth, maintenance, and repair of tissues in the body. It plays a crucial role in many biological processes, including metabolism, immune response, and hormone production. Protein synthesis is also important for maintaining proper cell function and overall health.

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