To obtain a passport for visiting Japan, a 17-year-old in Arizona needs to visit a local post office to fill out the application form, providing a birth certificate and two recent photos, which can be taken at the post office. Parental permission is likely required due to age. The passport application costs around $80 and can take several weeks, though expedited processing is available for an additional $60. For short visits, a tourist visa is typically not required as Japan allows entry with just a passport. However, for longer stays or work, a different visa is necessary, which may require a sponsor in Japan to guarantee residence and employment. It's advised to research Japan's immigration policies for detailed information. Additionally, pursuing a student visa could be a viable option for those interested in living in Japan long-term, as it may provide a smoother transition into the country.