What charges generate EM waves in free space?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the generation of electromagnetic (EM) waves in free space, particularly focusing on the roles of electric and magnetic fields and the charges involved in their propagation. Participants explore theoretical concepts, mechanisms of light travel, and the implications of Maxwell's equations and Jefimenko's equations.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants assert that electric and magnetic fields are generated by charges, which then propagate through vacuum, referencing Jefimenko's equations.
  • Others clarify that no charge travels with a photon, but when a photon is absorbed, it can move an electron, which has a charge.
  • There is a suggestion that a changing magnetic field creates an electric field and vice versa, as described by Maxwell's equations.
  • One participant questions how electric and magnetic fields are generated in vacuum, indicating a lack of understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
  • There is mention of black body radiation as a mechanism for generating electromagnetic waves from the sun.
  • Some participants agree that once generated, electric and magnetic fields sustain each other and propagate through space.
  • There is a claim that electric and magnetic fields can exist in a vacuum independently.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the generation of electric and magnetic fields in vacuum, with some asserting that they are generated by charges while others emphasize their independent existence. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the specific mechanisms and processes involved.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include varying interpretations of how electric and magnetic fields are generated and propagated, as well as the dependence on different theoretical frameworks such as Maxwell's equations and Jefimenko's equations.

Kaushik Classes
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as we know light travel in vacuum because of oscillation of electric and magnetic field and both are perpendicular to each other. But i don understand how these electric and magnetic fields get generated in vacuum. as electric filed can vary by oscillating charge and that generate varying electric filed causing varying magnetic field. So what are these charge that travel with light to keep generating electric and magnetic field.
 
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There is no charge traveling with the photon.

When a photon is adsorbed it can move an electron. The electron has a charge.
 
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stefan r said:
There is no charge traveling with the photon.

When a photon is adsorbed it can move an electron. The electron has a charge.
but how these electric field get generated?could you please explain this concept?
 
Kaushik Classes said:
but how these electric field get generated?could you please explain this concept?
A changing magnetic field will create an electric field and vice versa; this is described by Maxwell's equations. Thus, if you can accelerate a charge in a way that starts the electrical and magnetic fields changing, the change will continue to propagate.

If you google for "Maxwell's equation wave" you'll find the detailed derivation.
 
Kaushik Classes said:
But i don understand how these electric and magnetic fields get generated in vacuum.
I wouldn’t say that they get generated in vacuum. They get generated by charges, and then they propagate through vacuum. This is described by Jefimenko’s equations

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefimenko's_equations
 
Dale said:
I wouldn’t say that they get generated in vacuum. They get generated by charges, and then they propagate through vacuum. This is described by Jefimenko’s equations

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefimenko's_equations
Agree with you . as once they are generated electric and magnetic field sustain each other and they progress.
so how does the sun light travel and what is the mechanism that generate the electromagnetic wave from sun?
 
Kaushik Classes said:
Agree with you . as once they are generated electric and magnetic field sustain each other and they progress.
But first of all, an electric field can exist in a vacuum somehow. And so can magnetism.
 

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