What Determines the Speed and Clarity of Signals in Wave Physics?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the nature of signals in wave physics, particularly focusing on what constitutes a signal, the distinction between phase and group velocities, and the implications of these concepts in various contexts such as radio transmissions and optical communications.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions whether any wave can be considered a signal, specifically asking if the envelope or individual ripples of a superposition of harmonic plane waves represent the signal.
  • Another participant emphasizes that a signal is essentially information, suggesting that the presence of a wave indicates that a source is active, and discusses the transmission of binary information through modulated waves.
  • Concerns are raised about the effects of dispersion on signal integrity, particularly how group delay distortion can affect the phase relationships of sidebands in modulated signals.
  • A participant mentions their reading of "Modern Optics" by Fowles, noting a lack of detailed discussion on the definition of signals and expressing a desire for further clarification.
  • Links to external resources, such as a Wikipedia page on group velocity, are provided to support the discussion.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express varying levels of understanding regarding the definition of signals and the implications of group and phase velocities. There is no consensus on the precise nature of signals or the best way to conceptualize them in wave physics.

Contextual Notes

Some discussions may depend on specific definitions of signals and the context in which they are applied, such as radio versus optical communications. The implications of dispersion and group delay distortion are noted but not fully resolved.

Ahmed1029
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What exactly is a signal in wave physics? Is any wave considered a signal? Like, consider a superposition of harmonic plane waves, is the signals it carries considered the envelope(that travels at the group velocity) or the individual rippes that travel at a the phase velocity?
 
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Links to your reading so far?
 
berkeman said:
Links to your reading so far?
I don't understand
 
Ahmed1029 said:
I don't understand
Please post links to the reading you have been doing so far to try to learn about this subject. We can help you a lot more if you show your efforts to figure out your questions, and ask *specific* questions about your reading. Show your efforts please...
 
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berkeman said:
Please post links to the reading you have been doing so far to try to learn about this subject. We can help you a lot more if you show your efforts to figure out your questions, and ask *specific* questions about your reading. Show your efforts please...
I'm Reading modern optics by Fowles, but he doesn't really discuss this in his book. He just remarked that signals travel at group velocity and said no more, so I wanted to investigate what signals actually mean and what can be considered a signal. I searched for definitions online, but those weren't detailed enough so I thought someone might be able to help me here.
 
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Ahmed1029 said:
What exactly is a signal in wave physics? Is any wave considered a signal?
A signal is information. The presence of a single wave is actual information that the 'source' is switched on. The state 'on-off-on-off', with a switch, will transmit/carry useful binary information as with Morse Code etc. The amount of information governs the bandwidth occupied by a signal. It is worth while discussing this in terms of Radio Transmissions although it applies for all non-continuous waves. I find the optical equivalent less approachable - except for optical communications, of course.

If a radio wave is 'modulated', it can carry a signal. With amplitude modulation the ( eg low frequency square wave) modulating signal produces a string of symmetrical 'sidebands' above and below the carrier frequency.
1663502548423.png

A 'photograph' of the RF waveform will be the same over the whole of a signal path. The speed of the information (group velocity) will be the same as the speed of the carrier wave the relationships between all the components of the RF signal will be the same.

But if there's any form of dispersion, the various sidebands will lose their original phase relationship; they arrive at different times and the demodulated waveform may be distorted significantly.
1663502736526.png

This is termed 'Group Delay Distortion' and is usually caused by the various filters are used to restrict the channel width and in the receiver. It shows the difference in Wave and Group transit time (from Δω and Δk across the bandwidth), rather than the absolute transit time (from ω and k) which is often impossible to measure in practice.

But the absolute transmission time is usually of no consequence; it's the variation of transmission time that counts. Your 'perfect' analogue TV pictures are good (enough) at all distances and on all channel frequencies.
 

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