Astrophysicists have diverse career options outside of academia, including roles in finance as quantitative analysts, data mining, computer programming, and even positions like actuaries or management in retail. The discussion highlights that while there are numerous pathways available, some may be more prevalent than others. Salary expectations for astrophysicists with a PhD vary widely depending on the industry, with financial and tech sectors often offering higher compensation. Resources and links to relevant discussions are provided for further exploration, including insights from professionals like twofish-quant, who has experience in both the oil and financial industries. The conversation suggests that exploring academic advice forums may also yield valuable information.