What is a hole and how does it relate to electricity?

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A hole is defined as the absence of an electron, which behaves like a positive charge in semiconductors. Historical conventions led to the understanding that current flows from positive to negative, complicating the relationship between electron and hole movement. The Hall effect demonstrates that holes can create a positive Hall voltage, despite being conceptualized as the absence of electrons. This discussion highlights the complexities of modeling current flow in materials, particularly in semiconductors where both electrons and holes contribute to conductivity. Ultimately, holes are not particles but rather represent localized positive charges resulting from missing electrons in the lattice structure.
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I would just like to point out the the Left Hand Rule is predicated upon the use of the direction of conventional current. It is the motor rule and will give the correct direction for force or motion only when the direction of the second finger is aligned with the direction of conventional current.

The Right Hand Rule is the generator rule and gives correct (voltage) polarity, regardless of charge carriers because it defines a voltage, not a current.

When considering the vector cross products the right hand rule should be used in any case.
 

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