What Is an Impedance Matching Transformer?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the concept and application of an impedance matching transformer in the context of building an induction heater circuit. Participants explore the relationship between the primary and secondary impedances and the implications for circuit design.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • One participant seeks clarification on whether the entire primary circuit's impedance must match the secondary circuit's impedance, including the work coil.
  • Another participant notes the presence of a 20:1 matching transformer and inquires about the purpose of the circuit.
  • A participant expresses confusion regarding the differing impedances of a 40-turn primary and a 2-turn secondary, questioning what specifically needs to match.
  • One reply suggests modeling the impedance on the primary side and mentions the concept of "reflecting" impedance through the transformer for analysis.
  • A participant explains that the induction heater requires a specific wattage and that the work coil needs to be driven by a high current low voltage source, contrasting it with the high voltage low current source available.
  • Another participant advises adding bleed resistors around the input center-tap-forming capacitors to stabilize the center tap voltage.
  • One participant discusses the importance of keeping the output loop's resistance low and adjusting the drive frequency based on the object in the heater coil.
  • A participant raises a question about the suitability of class B drive for the application and mentions the potential for RF interference with other devices.
  • Another participant outlines the different classes of output circuits (A, B, C, D) and suggests that class C might be more appropriate for the application.
  • One participant recommends modeling the output transistor stage after a switch mode power supply for improved efficiency and reduced noise.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express various viewpoints regarding the matching of impedances and the design considerations for the induction heater. There is no consensus on the best approach, and multiple competing views remain regarding the transformer’s role and the choice of drive class.

Contextual Notes

Participants reference specific circuit configurations and components, but there are unresolved assumptions regarding the definitions of impedance matching and the implications of different circuit classes on performance.

burnit
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Hi All,

I am building a circuit that i need to get a better understanding of before jumping in head first, it says it requires an Impedance Matching Transformer.

I don't get this with the Attached Circuit, is it the whole Primary circuit has to match the whole Secondry Circuit Impedance including the work coil??

Any advise would be appreciated.

Thanks
 

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The circuits is showing the 20:1 matching transformer.

Just curious. What are you making?
 
It's for a small Induction Heater, I may be way off but the thing i Don't get is surely the impedance a 40 turn primary is going to have a different Impedance than a 2 turn secondary.

So is it the Impedance of the whole Primary Circuit Vs the Impedance of the whole Secondary circuit.

Or is it just the Transformer that has to have the same Primary & Secondary Impedance which is what i don't get.

Thanks
 
are you trying to model the impedance in one lump on the primary side? it's been a very long time, and my brain is a little fuzzy, but you can "reflect" the impedance back through the transformer for purposes of analysis if that's what you're looking for.
 
Hi,

Just trying to understand things better instead of just making making it without understanding things correctly.
It's the Impedance matching transformer bit i can't get a handle on & what has to match what.

This is the site the Schematic comes from:

http://uzzors2k.googlepages.com/seriesresonantinductionheater
 
Here's the deal: Your induction heater requires a certain number of watts to do the job. The 'work coil' is just a few turns and as required by most induction heaters will need to be driven with a high current low voltage source. You do not have that. You have a high voltage low current source, or at least relative to what the work coil needs. To remedy this a transformer is used. Generally, any transformer is able to transform impedance. Think about it for a minute. It may help to visualize impedance as a ratio of voltage to current.
 
Also, you should put a large value bleed resistor around each of the input center-tap-forming caps (the two caps between the rails and the bottom of the input winding), to better define the center tap voltage. Relying on the leakage current of the caps alone will not give you a reliable 320V/2.
 
Thanks to everybody that has helped with this, i now have a better understanding of the workings of this particular setup.
I will note the use of the bleed resistors as suggested.

Thanks Again
 
Because the output loop is resonant there should be some energy storage in the output loop (like riding a swing).
It will be important to keep the output loops resistance as low as possible.
You will probably need to adjust the drive frequency, depending on what object is in the heater coil, before applying full drive power.

Also, I'm not sure that a class B drive is the best choice for this application.
There should be some similarity to transmitter output stage design here.
 
  • #10
Could you explain more about the drive please, you mention class B drive?

Thanks
 
  • #11
There are four different classes of output circuits.
A, B, C and D
Generally in order of increased efficiency and increased distortion.
The particular circuit example you posted is class B.

I suspect class C might be the best choice for your application.
Using class D (square wave switching) will destroy any nearby radio, tv or cellphone reception without very careful attention to detail.
Note that this will be a problem with class B or C as well, just more constrained to specific frequencies.
RF heaters will act as a transmitter unless you pay attention to proper RF shielding.
 
  • #12
I would say model the output transistor stage after a switch mode power supply. That IS what the circuit in question is. With proper power supply decoupling and shielding a switcher can be quite noise free. It is not uncommon for switchers to run above 125 Khz.
 

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