What is the 3dB frequency of an RC filter and how can it be calculated?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around calculating the 3dB frequency of an RC low pass filter based on experimental results. Participants explore the methodology for determining this frequency from output voltage measurements at various input frequencies.

Discussion Character

  • Homework-related
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant suggests plotting the output voltage against frequency to identify the 3dB point but expresses uncertainty about the process.
  • Another participant points out an error in the logarithmic calculation of one frequency value.
  • A different participant questions the necessity of taking the logarithm of the frequency and emphasizes that the 3dB point should be calculated using the voltage transfer function, recommending the use of 20log() instead of 10log().
  • One participant calculates the 3dB voltage level based on the input voltage and suggests that the 100Hz frequency is approximately where the output voltage reaches this level.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the calculation method and the relevance of logarithmic transformations, indicating that there is no consensus on the best approach to determine the 3dB frequency.

Contextual Notes

There are unresolved issues regarding the accuracy of logarithmic calculations and the interpretation of the 3dB point in terms of voltage versus power. The discussion also reflects varying assumptions about the necessity of logarithmic transformations in this context.

vg19
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Homework Statement



Using your results, calculate the 3dB frequency of the RC filter.


The Attempt at a Solution



Basically in our lab, we made a simple series RC low pass filter. We put in a 16V peak to peak signal at varying frequencies below, and measured the output voltage at the capacitor (again peak to peak) on the scope. Now if I want to calc the 3dB frequency from my results, would I plot this on a graph and look for the 3dB point? I have tried this, but I think I am going wrong somewhere. The second table would be what I am trying to plot. I took first column is just the log of the frequency. The second column is 10log(Vout/Vin). It just doesn't seem right.

fin (Hz) Vo (V)
50 13.8
100 11.4
150 9.6
200 8.2
250 7.2
300 6.4




1.698970004 -0.749974923
2.000000000 -1.579527115
2.176091259 -2.326214759
3.301029996 -3.010299957
2.397940009 -3.665315444
2.477121255 -4.087127349

sorry for the formatting!
 
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It looks OK to me, except log 200 is not 3.301029996
 
I don't understand why you are taking the log of the frequency, but whatever. Keep in mind that the 3dB concept in this context is for the voltage transfer function plot (not power), so you should use 20log(), not 10log(). The 3dB point is basically where the output voltage amplitude is down by SQRT(2) compared to the input amplitude. I see one frequency on your first list that is darned close to this number...
 
Firstly, you don't really have to log the frequencies. Secondly, 3dB below 16V is 16 times 10^(-3/20) which is 11.327V. Looking at the table of figures you obtained, I would say that this is roughly around the 100Hz mark.
 

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