What Is the Atomic Electric Dipole Moment and Its Role in Van der Waals Binding?

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SUMMARY

The atomic electric dipole moment is crucial for understanding van der Waals binding in solids, as discussed in Ashcroft and Mermin's "Solid State Physics" and Chaikin and Lubensky's work. The van der Waals forces arise from fluctuating dipole interactions, which can be analyzed through perturbation theory. Specifically, the Hamiltonian for two atoms is expanded, revealing that the energy perturbation scales with 1/R^6, where R is the distance between nuclei. This analysis requires calculating matrix elements, particularly in the case of hydrogen atoms.

PREREQUISITES
  • Basic quantum mechanics principles
  • Understanding of perturbation theory
  • Familiarity with Hamiltonian mechanics
  • Knowledge of van der Waals forces
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the perturbation theory in quantum mechanics
  • Read Ashcroft and Mermin's "Solid State Physics" for insights on van der Waals interactions
  • Explore Chaikin and Lubensky's section 1.3.2 for detailed Hamiltonian expansions
  • Investigate the calculation of matrix elements for hydrogen atoms
USEFUL FOR

Students and researchers in condensed matter physics, particularly those interested in quantum mechanics and intermolecular forces, will benefit from this discussion.

malawi_glenn
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Hi I was wondering if anyone could give me info about atomic electric dipole moment at a very fundamental level (fenomenological, basic quantum), I do not seem to find it when I google =(

My Aim is just to understand van der Waals binding in solids a little bit more.
 
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There's a short section about the physical origin of the van der Waals "Fluctuating dipole" forces on page 390 of Ashcroft and Mermin "Solid State Physics". It is a very short section though.

Also, Chaikin and Lubensky section 1.3.2 on van der Waals is good. Basically, they expand the Hamiltonian for two atoms (electrons and nuclei, whose nuclei are a fixed distance R apart) and do perturbation theory using

<br /> H&#039; = \frac{e^2}{R^3}(x^1x^2+y^1y^2-2z^1z^2)<br />

the first order perturbation vanishes and they have to go to second order (thus we see that the perturbation of the energy goes like 1/R^6).

Actually working out the matrix elements is a little painful even in the case of H atoms, but it can be done in that case.
 
Thanks, I'll check out the library
 

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