What is the dipole moment of this surface charge distribution?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around calculating the dipole moment of a surface charge distribution on a spherical shell with a given surface charge density. Participants explore the relationship between the z-coordinate of a point and the angle \(\theta\), as well as the implications of symmetry in the charge distribution.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions whether the z-coordinate \(z'\) can be expressed as \(R \cdot \cos \theta\) and seeks clarification on this relationship.
  • Another participant points out that \(P_z = z'\) but expresses confusion about the location of point P.
  • There is a discussion about the ambiguity of the information provided, with one participant suggesting that without additional context, \(z'\) could take on various values without affecting the outcome.
  • One participant mentions that the problem originates from Griffiths' Electrodynamics and involves calculating the dipole moment of a surface with a specific charge density, indicating that the dipole moment should only have a z-component due to symmetry.
  • Another participant emphasizes that the dipole moment is typically computed at the center of a neutral charge distribution and questions whether the dipole field is being sought at point P.
  • There is a clarification that \(R \cos \theta\) represents the z-component of the distance from the origin to a point on the surface, but uncertainty remains about how this relates to the overall problem.
  • One participant expresses a desire for more clarity on the exact wording of the problem to better understand the requirements.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the interpretation of the problem and the relationship between the variables involved. There is no consensus on how to proceed with the calculations or the implications of the given information.

Contextual Notes

Participants note that the problem's ambiguity may stem from insufficient information regarding the setup and the specific requirements for calculating the dipole moment.

mzh
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In the below figure, I'm supposed to express the z-coordinate of the point [itex]P[/itex], [itex]z'[/itex], by the angle [itex]\theta[/itex]

9007238.png


Does this work out as [itex]z' = R\cdot \cos \theta[/itex]? If so, I can't see why...

Please give me a hint on this.
 
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It pretty clearly says [itex]P_z = z'[/itex]. Where is P?
 


Muphrid said:
It pretty clearly says [itex]P_z = z'[/itex]. Where is P?

Sorry, [itex]P[/itex] "is" at [¡tex]P_z[/itex]. Its the z-component of the point.
 


If this is exactly the information you were given, then I see no way to solve the problem. [itex]z'[/itex] could be [itex]R + 1[/itex] or [itex]R+1000[/itex] and it wouldn't affect anything. Is this diagram the only information you were given, or is it constructed to match some sort of word problem?

Edit: most often, the angle is supposed to tell you the angle between the z-axis and the vector point [itex]P[/itex]. It's unusual to say [itex]P_z = z'[/itex] and then to say P lies on the z-axis.
 


Muphrid said:
If this is exactly the information you were given, then I see no way to solve the problem. [itex]z'[/itex] could be [itex]R + 1[/itex] or [itex]R+1000[/itex] and it wouldn't affect anything. Is this diagram the only information you were given, or is it constructed to match some sort of word problem?

Edit: most often, the angle is supposed to tell you the angle between the z-axis and the vector point [itex]P[/itex]. It's unusual to say [itex]P_z = z'[/itex] and then to say P lies on the z-axis.

yes, I'm trying to picture the problem. [itex]P[/itex] lies on the z-axis because the charge distribution is symmetric around z, and I indicated its z-component as [itex]P_z[/itex] and set it arbitrarily to [itex]z'[/itex].

It comes from Griffiths, Electrodynamics prob. 3.28a, where one is supposed to calculate the dipole moment of a surface of radius [itex]R[/itex], carrying surface charge density [itex]\sigma=k \cos \theta[/itex], the ansatz should be that [itex]\vec{p} = \int (R \cos \theta) (k \cos \theta) R^2 \sin \theta d\theta d\phi[/itex] but I can't figure out how to get the factor [itex](R \cos \theta)[/itex]. How do I get this factor?
 


Usually one computes the dipole moment at the center of a neutral charge distribution. Are you being asked for the dipole field at the point P?
 


This thread seems to be more about physics than the math. So I'm moving it.
 


Muphrid said:
Usually one computes the dipole moment at the center of a neutral charge distribution. Are you being asked for the dipole field at the point P?

the dipole moment for that matter...
apparently, by symmetry (which i do can see), the dipole moment [itex]p[/itex] only has z-component:

[itex]\vec{p} = p \hat{\vec{z}}[/itex], [itex]p=\int z \rho d\tau \rightarrow p = \int z \sigma da[/itex].

Which, considering the surface charge density i wrote previously, can be written as
[itex]p= \int (R \cos \theta) (k\cos \theta) R^2 \sin \theta d\phi d\theta[/itex]. Where does the factor [itex](R \cos \theta)[/itex] come from? It must be [itex]z[/itex], but I can't see how it relates to [itex]z[/itex].
 
I said specifically dipole field instead of dipole moment because the dipole moment is the same everywhere when there's no net charge in the system. So you can find the dipole moment about the origin, and that's all you need. Hence, [itex]R \cos \theta[/itex] is just the z-component of the distance from the origin to a point on the surface. You use the origin as the reference point because it's easier and because you know the dipole moment should be the same everywhere.

Still, I think you would be best served typing out the whole question. I feel very uncertain about what you're actually being asked.
 
  • #10
Muphrid said:
I said specifically dipole field instead of dipole moment because the dipole moment is the same everywhere when there's no net charge in the system. So you can find the dipole moment about the origin, and that's all you need. Hence, [itex]R \cos \theta[/itex] is just the z-component of the distance from the origin to a point on the surface. You use the origin as the reference point because it's easier and because you know the dipole moment should be the same everywhere.

Still, I think you would be best served typing out the whole question. I feel very uncertain about what you're actually being asked.



Thanks for your comment. I'm still in the process of appreciating the subtilities of these points...

the exact wording is as:
[For a spherical shell] of radius [itex]R[/itex], which carries a surface charge [itex]\sigma = k \cos \theta[/itex], calculate the dipole moment of this surface charge distribution.
 

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