What Is the Electric Field of a Coaxial Cable?

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SUMMARY

The electric field of a coaxial cable is determined using Gauss' Law, specifically for three regions: 0 < r < a, a < r < b, and r > b. In the region 0 < r < a, the electric field is zero since the charge resides on the surface of the inner wire. For the region a < r < b, the electric field is given by E = λ / (2πrε₀), where λ is the charge per unit length. In the region r > b, the electric field remains the same as in the previous region, as the total enclosed charge includes both the inner wire and the outer sheath, resulting in E = 2λ / (2πrε₀).

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Gauss' Law and its application in electrostatics
  • Familiarity with cylindrical symmetry in electric fields
  • Knowledge of charge density concepts, specifically linear charge density (λ)
  • Basic principles of electric fields in conductors
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of electric fields using Gauss' Law in different geometries
  • Explore the concept of electric field lines and their relation to charge distributions
  • Learn about the behavior of electric fields in conductors and insulators
  • Investigate the effects of varying charge densities on electric fields
USEFUL FOR

Students and professionals in physics, electrical engineering, and anyone interested in understanding the principles of electrostatics and electric fields in coaxial cables.

  • #31
Kot said:
Well since all the charges reside on the outer surface r=a, and the chosen Guassian surface has r<a. The Guassian surface does not hold any charge.

Bingo again! So what by your formula for E does that make the E field at r < a?
 
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  • #33
rude man said:
Bingo again! So what by your formula for E does that make the E field at r < a?

At r < a, E = 0.
 
  • #34
Kot said:
At r < a, E = 0.

Right. And that squares with what you said before about the E field inside a conductor being zero, doesn't it.

Now, put your gaussian surface in the region a < r < b. What is E now?
 
  • #35
rude man said:
Right. And that squares with what you said before about the E field inside a conductor being zero, doesn't it.

Now, put your gaussian surface in the region a < r < b. What is E now?

Now choosing the Guassian surface to be in a < r < b, the total amount of Qenclosed is equal to the charges that were described earlier (on the surface of the wire). So EA = Qenclosed / εo. A is the surface area of the Guassian cylinder 2∏*r*L and Qenclosed = λL. Using these values in Gauss's Law gives E = λ / (2∏rεo).
 
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  • #36
Kot said:
Now choosing the Guassian surface to be in a < r < b, the total amount of Qenclosed is equal to the charges that were described earlier (on the surface of the wire). So EA = Qenclosed / εo. A is the surface area of the Guassian cylinder 2∏*r*L and Qenclosed = λL. Using these values in Gauss's Law gives E = λ / (2∏rεo).

Yes!

OK, next step: put the Gaussian surface inside the outer conductor, at r = b. What is E there?

EDIT: Never mind, I see you don't need to do this,though it would be educational for you if you did.

So OK, last step is to put your surface at r > b. What is E there?
 
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  • #37
rude man said:
Yes!

OK, next step: put the Gaussian surface inside the outer conductor, at r = b. What is E there?

EDIT: Never mind, I see you don't need to do this,though it would be educational for you if you did.

So OK, last step is to put your surface at r > b. What is E there?

I think it should be the same E as a < r < b, but in this case the r has to be greater than b. If that isn't correct then the charge enclosed would be the total of the wire and the sheath.
 
  • #38
Kot said:
I think it should be the same E as a < r < b, but in this case the r has to be greater than b. If that isn't correct then the charge enclosed would be the total of the wire and the sheath.

It won't be the same as at a < r < b. Use your formula again for E.

Yes, the toal enclosed charge is now the sum of charges on the inside and outside conductors, i.e. 2λL.

For 'extra credit' you should assume a finite thickness for the sheath, put your surface there and again solve for E. You again know the E field is zero since the surface is inside the conductor, and if you use your formula to solve for Q with E=0 you can deduce what the charges on the inner and outer surfaces of the sheath must be.
 

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