When an SRAM is power - uped what state do its locations have?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the state of SRAM (Static Random-Access Memory) contents upon power-up, specifically whether the bits are initialized to high (1), low (0), or if they contain unpredictable random values. The context includes considerations for using SRAM as an entropy source for random number generation.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant suggests that the state of SRAM upon power-up depends on the manufacturer, implying it is likely to be either high or low, but not random.
  • Another participant notes that while memory cells are designed to be identical, variations in manufacturing can lead to a bias, resulting in some cells being more likely to be in a high or low state, but also mentions the possibility of random states due to thermal noise.
  • A participant highlights that software tools often default to zeroing memory at startup, which could affect the randomness of bits in SRAM unless configured otherwise.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on whether SRAM contents are predictable upon power-up, with some suggesting a bias towards high or low states and others acknowledging the potential for randomness. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the exact nature of the contents.

Contextual Notes

There are limitations regarding assumptions about manufacturing processes and the impact of software initialization on memory states, which are not fully explored in the discussion.

dexterdev
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Hi PF,
I am searching for a good entropy source for random number generation. I want to know if when an SRAM is powered will its all contents be high(1) or low (0) or do it contain random bits unpredictable.

-Devanand T
 
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I think that is up to the manufacturer. However, I do believe that it will be either High or Low. I don't think you will find one where it is random however.
 
dexterdev said:
Hi PF,
I am searching for a good entropy source for random number generation. I want to know if when an SRAM is powered will its all contents be high(1) or low (0) or do it contain random bits unpredictable.

-Devanand T

The memory cells are designed to be identical during the manufacturing process but small variations in the process across even a small die will generate a small bias in most cells that will normally cause them to be a 1 or 0 during power-up but usually there is also a sizable number of cells that are close to a state balance that can randomly be a 1 or 0 due to thermal noise or other random events.

http://www.cs.umass.edu/~kevinfu/papers/holcomb-FERNS-IEEE-Computers.pdf
 
Last edited:
Thanks for the reply... :)
 
Something you have to watch out for when looking for random bits in SRAM is the default actions of the software tools. The usual default is to zero all memory in the run-time startup module but most embedded software systems will have a option in the linker not to zero or initialize memory on power up.
 
Thank you for the tip...:smile:
 

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