A When to use collective and when shell model?

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The discussion centers on the confusion surrounding the appropriate use of the collective and shell models in nuclear physics. Users seek clarity on when to apply each model, particularly in relation to understanding nuclear excitation levels. There is a specific inquiry about distinguishing between nucleon jumps in different shells and identifying rotational or vibrational excitations. The relationship between these excitations and shell model energies is also questioned, with a desire for insight into whether they are interconnected or fundamentally different. Overall, the conversation highlights the need for guidance on model selection and interpretation of nuclear level schemes.
Malamala
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I am sorry if this is a silly question, but I am confused about it. When do I use a model over the other? I understand how they work separately, but I didn't understand from my readings when I should use one over the other and why. And when I look at an actual level scheme of a nucleus (for example this one, but any other would do just fine), how do I know what kind of excitation is it? Is it a nucleon jumping in a different shell, is it a rotational/vibrational excitation? Are the rotational/vibrational excitations built on top of shell model energies (similar to vibrational/rotational states on top of electronic ones in a molecule) or they are completely different (i.e. different pictures)? I am really lost and any help would be greatly appreciated. Thank you!
 
Thread 'Some confusion with the Binding Energy graph of atoms'

Thread 'Some confusion with the Binding Energy graph of atoms'

My question is about the following graph: I keep on reading that fusing atoms up until Fe-56 doesn’t cost energy and only releases binding energy. However, I understood that fusing atoms also require energy to overcome the positive charges of the protons. Where does that energy go after fusion? Does it go into the mass of the newly fused atom, escape as heat or is the released binding energy shown in the graph actually the net energy after subtracting the required fusion energy? I...
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