Why Are Iron and Nickel the Only Heavy Metals in Earth's Core?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the composition of Earth's core, specifically why iron and nickel are the predominant heavy metals found there, and the implications of this composition in relation to other celestial bodies like Jupiter and Mars. Participants explore theoretical aspects, observational limitations, and the abundance of elements in the Solar System.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Debate/contested
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants suggest that iron and nickel are more abundant in the universe and the Solar System, which might explain their dominance in the Earth's core.
  • Others propose that heavier elements may be less abundant overall and could be locked in less dense compounds, preventing them from being present in the core.
  • It is noted that the understanding of the core's composition is largely hypothetical, based on indirect observations, and that quantifying the concentration of heavy elements remains unresolved.
  • Some participants mention that the order in which elements became fluid during the formation of the Earth could influence the core's composition.
  • There is speculation about the core of Jupiter potentially being made of diamond, leading to questions about the rarity of iron and nickel in that context, although some participants challenge this idea as lacking evidence.
  • Discussion also touches on the core composition of Mars and the volcanic activity of Io, with references to magnetic field measurements suggesting an iron core for Io.
  • Participants express uncertainty about the stability of diamonds under extreme conditions in planetary cores, questioning whether they could exist in such environments.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree that the composition of the Earth's core is not fully understood and that multiple competing hypotheses exist regarding the presence and abundance of heavy metals. There is no consensus on the specifics of these hypotheses.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include the reliance on indirect observations for understanding the core's composition and the speculative nature of many claims regarding the elements present in celestial bodies.

  • #31


Astronuc said:
Sounds much like the separation of the slag on top of liquid iron in the iron and steel making process.

http://www.tfhrc.gov/hnr20/recycle/waste/ssa1.htm

Yes, exactly. There is no fundamental difference in the physical principles involved.

Indeed, one can view the mantle as the "slag" that "floated to the top" when the core material settled out, and the lithosphere or crust as the "slag" that likewise "floated to the top" of the mantle. In both cases, one had two mutually immiscible substances that separated due to differences in their specific gravities.
 

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