Why do polyatomic ions form and how are they stabilized?

  • Thread starter Thread starter UMath1
  • Start date Start date
  • Tags Tags
    Form Ions
Click For Summary

Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the formation and stabilization of polyatomic ions, contrasting them with monoatomic ions. Participants explore the reasons behind the existence of polyatomic ions like carbonate and ammonium, and the conditions under which they are stable.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions the necessity of polyatomic ions, noting the stability of compounds like CO2 and asking why carbonate forms despite this.
  • Another participant inquires about the ways in which monovalent and polyvalent atoms or ions can share electrons, suggesting a focus on electron sharing mechanisms.
  • A different participant acknowledges the octet rule but raises a question about the conditions under which covalent bonds are more stable than polyatomic ions.
  • In discussing ammonium (NH4+), a participant mentions the potential energy gained when hydrogen nuclei interact with the lone pair on nitrogen, suggesting that this interaction contributes to stability.
  • Participants note that many ions are stable only in specific environments, such as ionic crystals or solutions, and reference a reaction involving sodium oxide and carbon dioxide to illustrate the stability of carbonate.
  • There is mention of the complexity involved in estimating electrostatic attractions and the additional covalent bond present in carbonate compared to CO2 and O2-, indicating a nuanced view of stability factors.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express various viewpoints regarding the formation and stability of polyatomic ions, indicating that multiple competing views remain without a clear consensus on the reasons for their formation or stability.

Contextual Notes

Participants highlight the need to consider specific conditions, such as the environment in which ions are stable and the complexities of electrostatic interactions, which may influence the discussion but remain unresolved.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be of interest to those studying chemistry, particularly in the areas of ionic and covalent bonding, as well as the stability of chemical species in different environments.

UMath1
Messages
361
Reaction score
9
I understand that monoatomic ions such as Sodium and Magnesium form to fill there outer shells, but why do polyatomics form? I know that CO2 is a pretty stable compound, so why does carbonate even form? Likewise what leads to the formation of ammonium?
 
Chemistry news on Phys.org
UMath1 said:
to fill there outer shells
How many ways can monovalent atoms/ions share one electron? How many ways can polyvalent atoms/ions share how ever many electrons?
 
I know they can meet the octet rule, but why do they occur when the covalent bond is more stable?
 
In NH4+, bringing the hydrogen nucleus inside the lone pair on N, the electrons gain an enomous amount of potential energy.
You also have to take in mind that most of the ions are only stable in either an ionic crystal or in solution. E.g. discussing the stability of carbonate, you really should consider a reaction like ##\mathrm{Na_2O+CO_2 \to Na_2CO_3}##. Besides changes in the electrostatic attraction between the ions (Born Madelung energy), which is difficult to estimate, there is at least one additional covalent bond in carbonate as compared to CO2 and O2-.
 

Similar threads

  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
3K
  • · Replies 10 ·
Replies
10
Views
4K
  • · Replies 5 ·
Replies
5
Views
16K
Replies
43
Views
22K
  • · Replies 6 ·
Replies
6
Views
7K
  • · Replies 3 ·
Replies
3
Views
8K
  • · Replies 4 ·
Replies
4
Views
2K
Replies
4
Views
8K
Replies
4
Views
3K
  • · Replies 13 ·
Replies
13
Views
11K