Why do wires get hot as current flows? Is it friction?

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SUMMARY

The discussion clarifies that wires do not heat up due to friction but rather due to resistance when current flows through them. In ideal conditions, such as with superconductors, there is no thermal excitation, and thus no heat is produced. However, in standard wires and resistors, the resistance causes atomic and molecular excitation, leading to heat generation. This phenomenon is critical in understanding electrical conductivity and thermal dynamics in materials.

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Why do wires get hot as current flows? Is it friction?
 
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temperature is a measure of how much movement there is among molecules/atoms.

When current meets no resistance in wire, it causes no thermal excitation in the wire, just bumps electrons around and no heat is produced.

In resistors, however, it does not flow as smoothly and excites the atoms/molecules.

Wires have varying amounts of resistance (except certain ones when supercooled) so get varying amount of heat excitation from current flow.
 

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