I found this helpful
https://opticsmag.com/how-does-a-magnifying-glass-work/
The eye normally receives parallel beams of light from the target, those directly in front of the eye enter it and the eye's lens brings them to focus on the retina. Other rays not travelling directly at the the eye don't enter it.
As you can see in the diagram on that page referenced above, light that would not enter the eye - the parallel rays that end up hitting the skin above, below, to the left or the right - are bent round (refracted) by the lens and enter the eye, where they then get focused on the retina, producing a bigger image that you'd see without the lens.
Tracing back from the image on the retina to where the object appears to be (it's called a virual image) shows that the object would have to be bigger to form the same sized image on the retina. So it appears bigger.
I admit the optics wasn't my top topic in physics, as it required us to copy diagrams from the board accurately and our lecturer back then simply didn't give us enough time (deliberately, we all suspected, after he got replaced by a human being - he had a nervous breakdown from teaching us) so my notes where usually incomplete, which doesn't help anyone learn. Handouts with good diagrams back then were just not normally given to students. WWW means you can find them and study them to see what they mean.
So study the diagram and you will see what is happening to the light.
In the case of a star, the target star is occupying a tiny TINY area of your field of vision, so forms a tiny image in the eye. With a telescope or binoculars, many more light rays are refracted and give the bigger virual image that you see. The lens on the telescope or binoculars are much bigger than your eye's lens.