Why does light travel at varying speeds through different materials?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the varying speeds of light through different materials and the implications of light being massless while still being affected by gravity. Participants explore the nature of light's speed, its interactions with matter, and the gravitational effects on light.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Debate/contested
  • Technical explanation

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions why light travels at different speeds through materials, citing an example of light traveling at 38 mph through supercooled sodium.
  • Another participant raises the question of whether light's speed varies or if its path and interactions with atoms are what change.
  • A participant suggests visualizing light as it interacts with atoms, proposing that collisions with atoms may slow its effective speed through a material.
  • There is a discussion about the paradox of light being massless yet still being influenced by gravity, with one participant expressing confusion over this concept.
  • Another participant points out that considering light's behavior in a gravitational field requires a relativistic perspective rather than a Newtonian one, explaining that the trajectory of a massless particle is still affected by gravity.
  • It is mentioned that General Relativity predicts a different amount of bending for massless particles compared to Newtonian predictions, with a historical reference to an experiment observing light bending around the sun during an eclipse.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express confusion and differing views regarding the nature of light's speed and its interaction with gravity. There is no consensus on these topics, and multiple competing perspectives are presented.

Contextual Notes

Some assumptions about the nature of light and gravity are not fully explored, and the discussion includes references to both Newtonian and relativistic physics without resolving the complexities involved.

azzkika
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Why does light travel at varying speeds through different materials??

why does light travel at different speeds through different materials??

for example, it travels at 38 mph through super cooled sodium.

also, if light is massless, why is it susceptible to gravity?? i don't know the formulae to examine, but i'd think mass is a factor when calculating gravity, and if so would a zero mass mean gravity has no effect, therefore meaning light does have mass??
 
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Does light speed vary, or does its path and interactions vary?
 


Loren Booda said:
Does light speed vary, or does its path and interactions vary?

good counter-question
 


It might help you to visualize a ray of light traveling through a mess of atoms. If the light is hitting atoms, won't it take longer for it to get through the material, even if it's traveling at a constant speed while it isn't hitting anything?
 


informative link, thanks.

i'm still puzzled as to why light is susceptible to gravity, yet defined as massless though.
 


azzkika said:
i'm still puzzled as to why light is susceptible to gravity, yet defined as massless though.
1)You are making a non-relativistic consideration, that is a Newtonian consideration, while things are more complicated (General Relativity).
2) But even within the simple Newtonian physics, you can take a particle of mass m, look at the trajectory it follows in a grav. field, then reduce its mass to m/2 and look that its trajectory is still bent (if you remember, an object's acceleration in a grav. field does NOT depend on its mass); then make the mass go to zero: nothing changes, so at the limit m = 0, your massless particle still have to follow the grav. field. and so bend its trajectory.
3) The prediction of General Relativity is that the amount of bending of the particle's trajectory, at the limit m --> 0, is double than that calculated in the previous way.
4) The famous experiment of star's light deviated from the sun during an eclipse in the 30', showed that the correct prediction was that of Albert Einstein's General Relativity Theory.
 

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