Why Does My RL Circuit Analysis Yield a Positive Time Constant?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the analysis of an RL circuit where an inductor is disconnected from a battery and connected to a resistor. The user derives the current equation as i(t) = i(0)ert/L, which is incorrect; the correct equation is i(t) = i(0)e-rt/L. The confusion arises from the sign of the time constant, which should be negative to reflect the decay of current over time. The user questions the validity of their method and seeks clarification on the application of Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) in this context.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of RL circuit dynamics
  • Familiarity with Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL)
  • Knowledge of differential equations in circuit analysis
  • Basic concepts of exponential decay in electrical circuits
NEXT STEPS
  • Review the derivation of current equations in RL circuits using KVL
  • Study the concept of time constants in electrical circuits, focusing on negative time constants
  • Explore the implications of inductor behavior when disconnected from a power source
  • Practice solving differential equations related to RL circuit analysis
USEFUL FOR

Electrical engineering students, circuit analysts, and anyone studying transient responses in RL circuits will benefit from this discussion.

yosimba2000
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Homework Statement


After a long time, an inductor is disconnected quickly from the battery and then attatched to a resistor.

Homework Equations


V = Ldi/dt
V = ir

The Attempt at a Solution


KVL: voltage across inductor - voltage across resistor = 0
Ldi/dt - ir = 0
di/i = rdt/L
ln|i| from i(t) to i(0) = rt/L + C
i(t)/i(0) = e(rt/L +C)
i(t) = i(0)Cert/L

At time t= 0, i(t) = initial current i(0). Plugging in i(t) = i(0) and t = 0 gives C =1.

Now we have i(t) = i(0)ert/L

The correct equation is i(t) = i(0)e-rt/L, different from what I have; I have a positive time constant r/L.

I know i(t) must be smaller than i(t) when time increases, and usually this is taken care of by a negative constant of integration, but as C = 1, the only way I can account for i(t) < i(0) is to use negative time.

Derivations I have seen started off KVL with -Ldi/di - ir = 0, but I don't understand why my method doesn't also work.

Is my method incorrect?
 
Last edited:
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yosimba2000 said:
After a long time, an inductor is disconnected quickly from the battery and then attatched to a resistor.
Please state the problem fully including what you are asked to find.
 

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