Undergrad Why does the end of the fracture have a branch? (Fracking)

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the branching patterns observed in hydraulic fracturing (fracking) processes. Participants explain that these branches resemble a tree-like structure, which optimally connects the largest volume of material while minimizing the total volume of the channel. The formation of these branches is influenced by geological factors such as horizontal sheet jointing and vertical joints caused by tension. As fracking pressure increases, existing joints widen and new joints open, resulting in a complex network of fractures.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of hydraulic fracturing (fracking) techniques
  • Knowledge of geological jointing and rock mechanics
  • Familiarity with pressure dynamics in subsurface environments
  • Basic concepts of fluid dynamics in geological formations
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  • Research the mechanics of hydraulic fracturing in detail
  • Explore geological jointing and its impact on fracking efficiency
  • Study pressure dynamics and their role in fracture propagation
  • Investigate the environmental impacts of fracking and mitigation strategies
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Geologists, petroleum engineers, environmental scientists, and anyone involved in hydraulic fracturing operations or research.

miraboreasu
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Hello, I have seen some pictures about hydraulic fracturing, which is injecting water into the ground under high pressure, and when people draw the schematic, it looks like this
I am wondering why the fracture will be branched. Thanks!
1679323399491.png
 
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miraboreasu said:
I am wondering why the fracture will be branched. Thanks!
It is probably just an artist's impression of what running cracks might look like, based erroneously on lightning in the atmosphere.
A branched tree pattern, similar to lightning, connects the greatest volume of material, through the minimum total volume of channel. River systems follow similar rules.

Horizontal sheet jointing, due to regional unloading, is common. Vertical joints are due to tension. Because the joints in rocks form a connected network, the fracking pressure widens the joints into connected cracks. The rock will yield to a limit at some pressure, then as the pressure continues to rise, some other joint will open and yield, and so the pattern will spread.
 

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