Why doesn't a barometer with vacuum get crushed by the atmosphere?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the mechanics of a mercury barometer and why it does not collapse under atmospheric pressure. Participants clarify that the vacuum inside the barometer is balanced by atmospheric pressure pushing down on the mercury, preventing the mercury from falling completely. The strength of the barometer's material, typically glass or metal, is crucial; it can withstand atmospheric pressure due to its structural integrity. Additionally, the conversation highlights the differences between compressive and tensile strength in materials, emphasizing that cylindrical shapes are inherently stronger under uniform pressure.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of atmospheric pressure and its effects
  • Basic knowledge of vacuum concepts
  • Familiarity with material strength, particularly compressive vs. tensile strength
  • Knowledge of barometer function and design
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the principles of atmospheric pressure and its measurement techniques
  • Study the mechanics of vacuum systems and their applications
  • Explore material science focusing on compressive and tensile strength
  • Learn about the design and function of various types of barometers
USEFUL FOR

This discussion is beneficial for physics students, engineers, and anyone interested in understanding the principles of pressure and material strength in practical applications.

  • #31
Atmospheric pressure exerts a 14.7 pounds per square inch at sea level. Making 1 sq inch of glass withstand 14.7 pounds isn't very hard (Or 1/4 inch per side = less than 1 lb)

Say you have 2 shallow cylinders of 1 foot diameter = 113 square inches with a vacuum between them. That means it will take 113x14.7 = 1661 lbs to separate them.
 
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  • #32
sophiecentaur said:
Yes. There are good mathematical models of materials and structures but, from what you say about your technical knowledge, you may find them hard to follow. Perhaps, if you googled terms like ' strength of a beam' you could see if you find the maths in that example accessible.
This is non-trivial stuff and needs to be approached from basic principles and not jumped into, half way through.

Thank you very much for your suggestions.
 
  • #33
meBigGuy said:
Atmospheric pressure exerts a 14.7 pounds per square inch at sea level. Making 1 sq inch of glass withstand 14.7 pounds isn't very hard (Or 1/4 inch per side = less than 1 lb)

Say you have 2 shallow cylinders of 1 foot diameter = 113 square inches with a vacuum between them. That means it will take 113x14.7 = 1661 lbs to separate them.

Thank you very much. That was an excellent use of mathematics.
 

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