Why is a closed curve with a domain in 3D not always simply connected?

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SUMMARY

A closed curve in a three-dimensional space (R^3) is not always simply connected, particularly when the domain excludes certain points, such as when x ≠ 0 and y ≠ 0. In this scenario, the z-axis is removed from R^3, creating a space where a closed curve can encircle the missing line. This configuration prevents the curve from being contracted to a point without intersecting the excluded line, illustrating the concept of non-simply connected spaces.

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  • Understanding of basic topology concepts, particularly simple closed curves.
  • Familiarity with three-dimensional Euclidean space (R^3).
  • Knowledge of the definition of simply connected spaces.
  • Ability to visualize geometric configurations in three dimensions.
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  • Explore examples of non-simply connected spaces in R^3.
  • Learn about homotopy and its implications for closed curves.
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daku420
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i know if every simple closed curve in D can be contracted to a point it is simply connected as in the case of|R^2 Domain or R^3 it is simply connected

but i am not feeling uncomfortable with |R^3 especially with the domains like when x =! 0 and y =! 0 why it is not simply connected?

how do I should visualize a closed curve with the domain in 3D?
 
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So R^3 is just the regular three-dimensional space we're all used to. If your domain is {(x,y,z) : x != 0 and y != 0}, then what does it look like? It's R^3, but with a line taken out of it--because the points that we took out look like (0,0,z), for whatever value of z. In fact we've removed the z-axis, because that's exactly where x=y=0.

Now imagine a circle that goes around that line. The line is infinite in both directions. How can you shrink that circle to a point, while never touching the line?

This is not a proof of course, but hopefully it can guide your intuition.
 

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