Why Is the Potential Energy of a Dipole Zero at 90 Degrees?

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SUMMARY

The potential energy of an electric dipole is defined as zero at 90 degrees relative to the electric field lines, as established in electrostatics. This reference point is arbitrary; however, it is conventional to use 0 degrees as the point of maximum potential energy. The discussion emphasizes that potential energy is relative, and only changes in potential energy are significant. Thus, while a dipole at 90 degrees has the capacity to rotate towards 0 degrees, its potential energy is defined as zero at that position.

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maf249
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I am a little confused as to why my book is saying that the potential energy of a dipole is 0 at 90 degrees relative to the electric field lines. When it has the stored energy to turn from 90deg to 0deg if no force is acting on it. Wouldn't it make sense to use 0deg as a reference point then?
 
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Every potential energy has an arbitrary zero point. Your book chose 0 degrees so the PE will range from minus some value to plus the same value. Of course, you´re free to choose another reference. Only PE changes matter.
 
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