Why is the solution of the phi^6 potential not a soliton?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the \(\phi^6\) scalar potential described by the Lagrangian \(\mathcal{L} = \frac{1}{2}(\partial_\mu\phi)^2 - \phi^2(\phi^2-1)^2\). The solution to the equation of motion, derived from \(\phi'' = \frac{\partial V}{\partial \phi}\), does not yield a soliton due to the energy expression \(E = \int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}dx \left[\frac{\phi'^2}{2} + V(\phi)\right]\) approaching \(-\infty\) as \(t\) approaches \(+\infty\) for \(\epsilon \neq 0\). This indicates topological instability, preventing the formation of a soliton.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of scalar field theory
  • Familiarity with Lagrangian mechanics
  • Knowledge of soliton solutions in field theories
  • Proficiency in calculus, particularly in solving differential equations
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the properties of solitons in field theories
  • Explore the implications of topological stability in scalar fields
  • Investigate the role of potential energy in soliton formation
  • Learn about the \(\phi^4\) theory and its soliton solutions for comparison
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The discussion is beneficial for theoretical physicists, graduate students in particle physics, and researchers interested in field theory and soliton dynamics.

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Homework Statement



Consider a theory with a \phi^6-scalar potential:

\mathcal{L} = \frac{1}{2}(\partial_\mu\phi)^2-\phi^2(\phi^2-1)^2.

Why is the solution to the equation of motion not a soliton?

Homework Equations



\phi''=\frac{\partial V}{\partial\phi}

The Attempt at a Solution



<br /> \phi&#039;\phi&#039;&#039;=\phi&#039;\frac{dV}{d\phi}\\<br /> \frac{d}{dx}\left(\frac{\phi&#039;^2}{2}\right)=\frac{dV}{dx}\\<br /> \phi&#039;=\pm \sqrt{2V}\\<br /> \phi&#039;=\phi-\phi^3\\<br /> \Rightarrow\phi(x)= \frac{e^x}{\sqrt{e^{2x}-C_1}}-\frac{e^{-x}}{\sqrt{e^{-2x}-C_2}}

Yet the solution on the last line is not a soliton. Why is that so?
 
More generally, one has

\mathcal{L} = \frac{1}{2}(\partial_\mu\phi)^2-(\phi^2-\epsilon)(\phi^2-1)^2

in which case there is no soliton, since the energy, defined as E=\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}dx [\frac{\phi&#039;^2}{2}+V(\phi)] is such that

\lim_{t\to +\infty}E(t) = -\infty

for \epsilon\neq 0 and hence is topologically unstable.
 

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