Why Kink can not tunnel to vacuum, and is topologically stable

In summary, the kink, described by the function phi(x) = tanh(x/ξ), cannot tunnel into the vacuum with a spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) of +v or -v. This is due to the infinite high energy barrier, as stated in the book. The energy density of the kink field, given by E(x) = (gv^4/2)sech^4(x/ξ), is finite when integrated over all space. This is evident from the boundary condition at x = ±∞, where phi(x) approaches ±v. A possible field history, where a soliton at t = 0 goes to the vacuum at t = 1, also shows that the starting
  • #1
PRB147
127
0
Why the kink ([tex]\phi(x)=tanh(\frac{x}{\xi})[/tex]),
can not tunnel into vacuum [tex]+v [/tex]or [tex]-v[/tex] (Spontaneous symmetry breaking vacuum).

From the boundary condition([tex]x\rightarrow \pm\infty, \phi(x)\rightarrow \pm v[/tex]),
it is self-evident.

but the book states:
Due to the infinite high energy barrier, the kink can not tunnel into the vacuum.
where is the infinite high energy barrier?
The energy density is [tex]E(x)=\frac{gv^4}{2}sech^4 (\frac{x}{\xi})[/tex],
whose integration over all space is finite.

where is the infinite high energy barrier?
 
Physics news on Phys.org
  • #2
Let's write down a possible field history in which a soliton at ##t=0## goes to the vacuum at ##t=1##:

[tex]\phi(x,t) = (1-t)v\tanh(x/\xi) + tv[/tex]

The starting configurationi at ##t=0## and the ending configuration at ##t=1## both have finite total energy. But If you calculate the energy of the field configuration for any ##0 < t < 1## you should find that it is infinite. This infinite energy barrier should appear for any possible path that goes from a solition configuration to the vacuum.
 
  • Like
Likes DEvens and fzero
  • #3
thank you The_Duck for your clear answer.
 

1. Why can't kink tunnel to vacuum?

Kink, also known as a soliton, is a stable wave-like disturbance that travels through a medium without changing its shape. It is a manifestation of nonlinearity in a system. In order for kink to tunnel to vacuum, it would need to overcome the potential barrier of the vacuum state, which is highly improbable due to the nature of solitons as stable disturbances.

2. What does it mean for kink to be topologically stable?

Topological stability refers to the persistence of a certain structure or pattern in a system even when disturbed. In the case of kink, it means that its shape and energy remain unchanged despite external influences, making it a robust and reliable phenomenon in a system.

3. How does the concept of topology relate to kink stability?

Topology is the study of the properties of a system that remain unchanged even when the system is deformed. In the case of kink, its stability is a result of its topological properties, such as its winding number and the presence of a potential barrier, which make it resistant to external perturbations.

4. Can external factors affect the stability of kink?

Yes, external factors such as temperature, density, and external fields can affect the stability of kink in a system. However, due to its topological stability, kink can maintain its shape and energy despite these external influences.

5. What are the practical applications of understanding kink stability?

The study of kink stability has implications in various fields such as physics, chemistry, and biology. Understanding the stability of solitons can help in the development of new materials, studying phase transitions, and understanding the behavior of biological systems such as DNA. It also has potential applications in developing more efficient and stable systems in technology.

Similar threads

  • High Energy, Nuclear, Particle Physics
Replies
1
Views
1K
  • High Energy, Nuclear, Particle Physics
Replies
5
Views
1K
  • High Energy, Nuclear, Particle Physics
Replies
4
Views
2K
  • High Energy, Nuclear, Particle Physics
Replies
1
Views
1K
  • High Energy, Nuclear, Particle Physics
Replies
2
Views
1K
Replies
8
Views
1K
  • High Energy, Nuclear, Particle Physics
Replies
19
Views
3K
Replies
5
Views
1K
  • Beyond the Standard Models
Replies
1
Views
1K
  • High Energy, Nuclear, Particle Physics
Replies
1
Views
1K
Back
Top