Zeta function the the orime counting function

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the relationship between the Riemann zeta function and the prime counting function, specifically how the logarithm of the zeta function can be expressed in terms of integrals involving prime numbers. The formal definition of the zeta function is given as \(\zeta(s) = \prod_{p}\frac{1}{1-p^{-s}}\). The transformation leading to \(\frac{\ln\zeta(s)}{s} = \int_{0}^{\infty}f(x)x^{-s-1}dx\) is derived using properties of the weighted-prime counting function, where \(f(x)\) represents this function. The integral representation is clarified through the relationship \(\sum_{p}\int_{p^{n}}^{\infty}g(x)dx = \int_{0}^{\infty} \pi(x^{1/n}) g(x)dx\), linking the zeta function to prime distribution.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of the Riemann zeta function and its properties
  • Familiarity with the prime counting function, denoted as \(\pi(x)\)
  • Knowledge of integral calculus and series convergence
  • Basic concepts of analytic number theory
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the properties of the Riemann zeta function in detail
  • Explore the implications of the prime number theorem on prime counting functions
  • Learn about the weighted-prime counting function and its applications
  • Investigate integral transforms in analytic number theory
USEFUL FOR

Mathematicians, number theorists, and students interested in analytic number theory, particularly those studying the connections between prime numbers and zeta functions.

mmzaj
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i have a question about the relation between the riemann zeta function and the prime counting function . one starts with the formal definition of zeta :
\zeta (s)=\prod_{p}\frac{1}{1-p^{-s}}
then :
ln(\zeta (s))= -\sum_{p}ln(1-p^{-s})=\sum_{p}\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{p^{-sn}}{n}

using the trick :
p^{-sn}=s\int_{p^{n}}^{\infty}x^{-s-1}dx
then :
\frac{ln\zeta (s)}{s} = \sum_{p}\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\int_{p^{n}}^{\infty}x^{-s-1}dx
up until now, things make perfect sense , but the following line is mysterious to me :

\frac{\ln\zeta(s)}{s}=\int_{0}^{\infty}f(x)x^{-s-1}dx

where f(x) is the weighted-prime counting function .
how is this formula derived ??
 
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i have done a mistake
\frac{ln\zeta (s)}{s} = \sum_{p}\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n}\int_{p^{n}}^{\infty}x^{-s-1}dx

after some digging , the integral follows from the fact , that for any function g(x) :

\sum_{p}\int_{p^{n}}^{\infty}g(x)dx= \int_{0}^{\infty} \pi(x^{1/n}) g(x)dx

\pi(x) being the prime counting function .
but this line isn't so clear to me !
 

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