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Clari
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Why the energy of 3s electron of Na is much higher than that of the 3p electrons of Cl?
A covalent bond is a type of chemical bond in which two atoms share electrons in order to achieve a stable electron configuration.
The Na 3s electron energy is higher than the Cl 3p electron energy because the 3s orbital is closer to the nucleus, resulting in a stronger attraction between the nucleus and the electron. This leads to a higher energy level for the 3s electron compared to the 3p electron.
Covalent bonding occurs when two atoms share electrons in their outermost energy levels, or valence shells.
The electron energy levels in covalent bonding determine the strength and stability of the bond. When two atoms have similar electronegativities, they will share electrons more equally and form a stronger covalent bond. However, if the electronegativities are significantly different, the bond will be more polar and the electrons will spend more time around the more electronegative atom.
The octet rule states that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons in order to achieve a full outer shell of 8 electrons, similar to the noble gases. In covalent bonding, atoms share electrons in order to reach a stable electron configuration and fulfill the octet rule.