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jal
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The present big bang theory is available at
http://pdg.lbl.gov/2007/reviews/contents_sports.html
Big-Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) marks the boundary between the established and the speculative in big bang cosmology.
It does not include the NEW experimental evidence that has been obtained from liquid hydrogen, solid hydrogen and quark gluon liquid, and free neutrons (life and decay).
========
Here is a paper that tries to incorporate quark gluon liquid into the big bang.
I am sure that this is the first paper of many more to come.
http://arxiv.org/abs/0807.1610v1
Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions and the QCD Matter Phase Diagram
Authors: Reinhard Stock (Physics Department, University of Frankfurt)
(Submitted on 10 Jul 2008)
This primordial matter, prior to hadronization, should be deconfined in its QCD sector, forming a plasma (i.e. color conducting) state of quarks and gluons: the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP).
========
Since this is a big paper, start with the Summary on page 129.
-------------
p.41
For guidance concerning the overall time-order of the system evolution we consider
information [87] obtained from Bose-Einstein correlation analysis of pion
pair emission in momentum space (for detail see chapter 7). Note that pions
should be emitted at any stage of the evolution, after formation time, from the
surface regions of the evolving ”fire-tube”. Bulk emission of pions occurs, of
course, after hadronization (the latest stages illustrated in the evolution sketch
given in Fig. 2.17). The dynamical pion source expansion models by Heinz [88]
and Sinyukov [89] elaborate a Gaussian emission time profile, with mean τf
(the decoupling time) and width _τ (the duration of emission).
p.43
The above considerations suggest that a quark-gluon plasma state should be created early in the expansion dynamics at √s = 200 GeV , at about T = 300 MeV , that expands hydrodynamically until hadronization is reached, at T ≈ 165 − 170 MeV . Its manifestations will be considered in chapters 3 to 6.
At the lower SPS energy, up to 17.3GeV , we can conclude, with some caution, that a deconfined hadronic matter system should exist at T ≈ 200 MeV , in the closer vicinity of the hadronization transition. It may closely resemble the QGP state of lattice QCD, near Tc.
--------
Note: In the big bang, there is not a surface region. The whole “cosmo” is in the quark gluon phase. Therefore, there are no pions being emitted from the surface or from the bulk of the interior of the quark gluon “ball”. If any such surface existed, it would have to be beyond our light cone horizon.
--------
p.64
Hadronization in e+e− annihilation thus occurs from local clusters (or strings), isolated in vacuum, of different mass but similar energy density corresponding to QCD confinement.
In the fit of Fig. 2.16 this volume sum amounts to about 45 fm^3 [84]; the individual cluster volumes are thus quite small, of magnitude a few fm^3 [85]
.-------
note: This is a new observation that needs consideration in an expanding model of the universe.
-------
p. 65
However, to be precise: the hadronizing QCD system of extended matter decaying quantum coherently, could still be a non-equilibrium precursor of the ideal equilibrium QGP, because we have seen above that hadrochemical equilibrium also occurs in e+e− annihilation, where no partonic equilibrium exists. It gets established in the course of hadronization, irrespective of the degree of equilibrium prevailing in the preceding partonic phase.
--------
p.67
We are thus witnessing at hadronization a Hubble expanding system of local fireballs. The detailed implications of this picture have not been analyzed yet. Note that a central RHIC collision thus does not correspond to a single hadronization ”point” in the [T, μ] plane of
Fig. 1.1 but samples {T, μ} along the QCD parton-hadron coexistence line [132].
-------
========
note: The next paper that I’d like to find would be an explanation of the path taken for confinement.
What are the probabilities that the quark gluon liquid went 100% to a confinement of neutrons?
What are the probabilities that the quark gluon liquid went 100% to a confinement of protons?
What are the probabilities that the quark gluon liquid went to a confinement of both, protons and neutrons?
Novices might find my blog explanation interesting.
http://pdg.lbl.gov/2007/reviews/contents_sports.html
Big-Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) marks the boundary between the established and the speculative in big bang cosmology.
It does not include the NEW experimental evidence that has been obtained from liquid hydrogen, solid hydrogen and quark gluon liquid, and free neutrons (life and decay).
========
Here is a paper that tries to incorporate quark gluon liquid into the big bang.
I am sure that this is the first paper of many more to come.
http://arxiv.org/abs/0807.1610v1
Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions and the QCD Matter Phase Diagram
Authors: Reinhard Stock (Physics Department, University of Frankfurt)
(Submitted on 10 Jul 2008)
This primordial matter, prior to hadronization, should be deconfined in its QCD sector, forming a plasma (i.e. color conducting) state of quarks and gluons: the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP).
========
Since this is a big paper, start with the Summary on page 129.
-------------
p.41
For guidance concerning the overall time-order of the system evolution we consider
information [87] obtained from Bose-Einstein correlation analysis of pion
pair emission in momentum space (for detail see chapter 7). Note that pions
should be emitted at any stage of the evolution, after formation time, from the
surface regions of the evolving ”fire-tube”. Bulk emission of pions occurs, of
course, after hadronization (the latest stages illustrated in the evolution sketch
given in Fig. 2.17). The dynamical pion source expansion models by Heinz [88]
and Sinyukov [89] elaborate a Gaussian emission time profile, with mean τf
(the decoupling time) and width _τ (the duration of emission).
p.43
The above considerations suggest that a quark-gluon plasma state should be created early in the expansion dynamics at √s = 200 GeV , at about T = 300 MeV , that expands hydrodynamically until hadronization is reached, at T ≈ 165 − 170 MeV . Its manifestations will be considered in chapters 3 to 6.
At the lower SPS energy, up to 17.3GeV , we can conclude, with some caution, that a deconfined hadronic matter system should exist at T ≈ 200 MeV , in the closer vicinity of the hadronization transition. It may closely resemble the QGP state of lattice QCD, near Tc.
--------
Note: In the big bang, there is not a surface region. The whole “cosmo” is in the quark gluon phase. Therefore, there are no pions being emitted from the surface or from the bulk of the interior of the quark gluon “ball”. If any such surface existed, it would have to be beyond our light cone horizon.
--------
p.64
Hadronization in e+e− annihilation thus occurs from local clusters (or strings), isolated in vacuum, of different mass but similar energy density corresponding to QCD confinement.
In the fit of Fig. 2.16 this volume sum amounts to about 45 fm^3 [84]; the individual cluster volumes are thus quite small, of magnitude a few fm^3 [85]
.-------
note: This is a new observation that needs consideration in an expanding model of the universe.
-------
p. 65
However, to be precise: the hadronizing QCD system of extended matter decaying quantum coherently, could still be a non-equilibrium precursor of the ideal equilibrium QGP, because we have seen above that hadrochemical equilibrium also occurs in e+e− annihilation, where no partonic equilibrium exists. It gets established in the course of hadronization, irrespective of the degree of equilibrium prevailing in the preceding partonic phase.
--------
p.67
We are thus witnessing at hadronization a Hubble expanding system of local fireballs. The detailed implications of this picture have not been analyzed yet. Note that a central RHIC collision thus does not correspond to a single hadronization ”point” in the [T, μ] plane of
Fig. 1.1 but samples {T, μ} along the QCD parton-hadron coexistence line [132].
-------
========
note: The next paper that I’d like to find would be an explanation of the path taken for confinement.
What are the probabilities that the quark gluon liquid went 100% to a confinement of neutrons?
What are the probabilities that the quark gluon liquid went 100% to a confinement of protons?
What are the probabilities that the quark gluon liquid went to a confinement of both, protons and neutrons?
Novices might find my blog explanation interesting.