Nordström's second gravitational theory

}}-\rho \varphi } \right)}}{{\partial \dot u_{{\mu}} }} \right)-\frac{{\partial \left( {\frac {{\eta}^{\mu \nu }\partial _{{\mu}} \left( \varphi \right) \partial _{{\nu}} \left( \varphi \right) }{8\pi }}-\rho \varphi } \right)}}{{\partial u_{{\mu}} }} =0 which simplifies to \frac{d}{{d\tau }} \left( \frac{{\eta}^{\mu \nu }\partial _{{\nu}} \left( \varphi \right)
  • #1
Altabeh
660
0
A sort of simple question (equation of motion)

Homework Statement



Hello everybody
I'm new to these forums, so wish to be clear enough in my first post to not ask again. :biggrin:

In the Nordström's second theory of gravitation, the field equation is [tex]\varphi \,\square \left( \varphi \right) =4\,\pi { \it GT}_{{m}}[/tex] where [tex]\square[/tex] is the D'Alembertian operator defined in the Minkowskian spacetime with metric (+,-,-,-), T_m is the trace of the material contribution to the total stress-energy-momentum tensor [tex]T_{{\mu \nu }}[/tex] and finally we have [tex] \varphi [/tex] implying the potential.

This field is said to have the following Lagrangian proposed by Einstein: [tex]L={\frac {{\eta}^{\mu \nu }\partial _{{\mu}} \left( \varphi \right) \partial _{{\nu}} \left( \varphi \right) }{8\pi }}-\rho \varphi [/tex] where [tex] \rho=\varphi \,T_{{m}} [/tex] is the density of matter.

Now my question is that how can one proceed to use the above Lagrangian to show that the equation of motion of a test particle moving in the field under discussion is [tex] \varphi \,d_{{\tau}} \left( u_{{\mu}} \right) =-\partial _{{\mu}} \left( \varphi \right) -d_{{\tau}} \left( \varphi \right) u_{{\mu}} [/tex] where [tex] \tau [/tex] is the proper time, [tex]u_{{\mu}}[/tex] is the 4-velocity of the moving particle and [tex]d_{{\tau}}(..)[/tex] refers to the derivative of (..) with respect to [tex] \tau [/tex]??

Thanks in advance

AB
 
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  • #2
Homework Equations L={\frac {{\eta}^{\mu \nu }\partial _{{\mu}} \left( \varphi \right) \partial _{{\nu}} \left( \varphi \right) }{8\pi }}-\rho \varphi \varphi \,d_{{\tau}} \left( u_{{\mu}} \right) =-\partial _{{\mu}} \left( \varphi \right) -d_{{\tau}} \left( \varphi \right) u_{{\mu}} The Attempt at a Solution To solve this problem, we will use the Euler-Lagrange equations. These equations are given by \frac{d}{{d\tau }} \left( \frac{{\partial L}}{{\partial \dot q}} \right)-\frac{{\partial L}}{{\partial q}} =0, where q is a generalized coordinate and \dot q is its derivative with respect to the proper time \tau . Now, in our case, the Lagrangian is given as L={\frac {{\eta}^{\mu \nu }\partial _{{\mu}} \left( \varphi \right) \partial _{{\nu}} \left( \varphi \right) }{8\pi }}-\rho \varphi and the generalized coordinate is the 4-velocity of the particle, i.e. q=u_{{\mu}} . Thus, using the Euler-Lagrange equations, we obtain \frac{d}{{d\tau }} \left( \frac{{\partial L}}{{\partial \dot u_{{\mu}} }} \right)-\frac{{\partial L}}{{\partial u_{{\mu}} }} =0 or, \frac{d}{{d\tau }} \left( \frac{{\partial \left( {\frac {{\eta}^{\mu \nu }\partial _{{\mu}} \left( \varphi \right) \partial _{{\nu}} \left( \varphi \right) }{8\pi
 

1. What is Nordström's second gravitational theory?

Nordström's second gravitational theory is an alternative theory of gravity proposed by the Swedish physicist Gunnar Nordström in 1912. It is based on the assumption that the gravitational force is not proportional to the mass of an object, but instead to the square of its mass.

2. How does Nordström's second gravitational theory differ from Newton's law of universal gravitation?

In Newton's law of universal gravitation, the gravitational force is directly proportional to the mass of an object. However, in Nordström's second gravitational theory, the gravitational force is proportional to the square of the mass of an object.

3. What evidence supports Nordström's second gravitational theory?

There is currently no experimental evidence that supports Nordström's second gravitational theory. It has been largely overshadowed by Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity, which has been extensively tested and confirmed by various experiments.

4. Can Nordström's second gravitational theory explain phenomena such as gravitational lensing and the precession of Mercury's orbit?

No, Nordström's second gravitational theory cannot fully explain these phenomena. These observations can only be accurately predicted by the theory of general relativity.

5. Is Nordström's second gravitational theory still considered a valid theory today?

No, Nordström's second gravitational theory is no longer considered a valid theory in modern physics. It has been largely replaced by Einstein's theory of general relativity, which has been confirmed by numerous experiments and is the basis for our current understanding of gravity.

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