Why Is Cold Solution Used for Open Heart Surgery?

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In summary, the heart can be stopped by flooding it with "a cold solution containing potassium ions" - why must it be cold? This is done to slow down the metabolism of the heart cells. Additionally, during major surgery, like a valve replacement, there is a chance that the heart won't have enough oxygen available, and so the energy generating ability will be reduced.
  • #1
Cheman
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According to sources I've read, the heart can be stopped by flooding it with "a cold solution containing potassium ions" - why must it be cold?

Thanks in advance. :smile:
 
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  • #2
during open heart surgery, the heart must be kept alive...by keeping the heart cold, the metabolism of the heart cells will be slowed down long enough that they can survive for awhile even under low-oxygen conditions. at room temp this is a few minutes; while cold, it can be much longer.

the potassium ions interfer with the ion channels of the nerve cells, thus stopping the heart from beating. potassium chloride is also administered to animals during euthanasia (after first being sedating with sodium thiopental) for the same purpose.

they also use heparin, btw, in the heart-lung machine to prevent the blood from clotting.
 
  • #3
Cool. :smile: Why does cooling the heart slow down its metabolism?

Thanks in advance.
 
  • #4
metabolism can be boiled down to chemical reactions taking place within the cell. thermodynamically, chemical reactions can be slowed by lowering the temperature.
 
  • #5
But why do you want to run in on "low-oxygen consumption"?

Also, surely if you cool the heart you will slow down the rate of respiration (which is a chemical reaction and relies on thermodynamics too) so the cell will be supplying itself with less energy anyway, as well as not needing as much due to the slowing down of its metabolism. Therefore if you reduce the oxygen supply to the heart, like you said, you will be reducing concentration which will reduce the rate of respiration EVEN further, and therefore the cel will not be able to supply itself with suffivient energy? :confused:

Thanks in advance. :smile:
 
  • #6
Cheman said:
But why do you want to run in on "low-oxygen consumption"?

wouldn't cutting out someones heart make for "low-oxygen consumption"? i think that it would.

Also, surely if you cool the heart you will slow down the rate of respiration (which is a chemical reaction and relies on thermodynamics too) so the cell will be supplying itself with less energy anyway, as well as not needing as much due to the slowing down of its metabolism. Therefore if you reduce the oxygen supply to the heart, like you said, you will be reducing concentration which will reduce the rate of respiration EVEN further, and therefore the cel will not be able to supply itself with suffivient energy?

your argument doesn't make much sense to me, cheman...imagine you have only 1 liter of gasoline in your car. assume once you run out of gas, the car is dead. will it last longer at full throttle, or if you drive slow?

the energy needs of the cell will generally be much less at lower temperature.

in theory, if you could completely slow down the metabolism of a cell (think freezing) then the state of that cell could be preserved indefinately since all of the chemical reactions going on would be halted (well, mostly).
 
  • #7
Actually, i had more in mind during valve replacement surgary - why is there gona be oxygen reduction then?

And surely what i said did make sense - if all the reactions slow down then surely the reactions of cellular respiration will also slow down? Therefore, the energy source being made will be lower anyway without the need to reduce oxygen supply? So by lowering it even more surely that will mean the cells won't hav enough energy? :confused:

Thanks in advance. :smile:
 
  • #8
Cheman said:
Actually, i had more in mind during valve replacement surgary - why is there gona be oxygen reduction then?

And surely what i said did make sense - if all the reactions slow down then surely the reactions of cellular respiration will also slow down? Therefore, the energy source being made will be lower anyway without the need to reduce oxygen supply? So by lowering it even more surely that will mean the cells won't hav enough energy?

surely the heart will have less oxygen available during some major surgery like a valve replacement.

and second, yes the energy generating ability will be reduced, but so will the energy expenditure. therefore, the whole system has been slowed down.
 

FAQ: Why Is Cold Solution Used for Open Heart Surgery?

1. Why is a cold solution used for open heart surgery?

During open heart surgery, the heart needs to be stopped in order for the surgeon to perform the necessary procedures. To protect the heart from damage due to lack of oxygen, a cold solution is used to slow down the heart rate and lower its temperature. This decreases the heart's demand for oxygen, allowing the surgeon to work on the heart without causing harm.

2. What is the purpose of using a cold solution during open heart surgery?

The main purpose of using a cold solution during open heart surgery is to protect the heart from damage and reduce its need for oxygen. Additionally, the cold solution can also help to preserve the heart tissue and make it easier for the surgeon to work on the heart.

3. How is the cold solution administered during open heart surgery?

The cold solution is typically administered through a bypass machine, which temporarily takes over the function of the heart and lungs. The solution is circulated through the machine and then into the heart, cooling it down and slowing its rate. The bypass machine also removes carbon dioxide and adds oxygen to the solution before returning it to the body.

4. Are there any risks associated with using a cold solution during open heart surgery?

While using a cold solution during open heart surgery is generally considered safe, there are some potential risks. These may include blood clots, damage to the heart tissue, or complications from the bypass machine. However, these risks are rare and can be managed by a skilled surgical team.

5. Why is a cold solution used specifically for open heart surgery and not other types of surgery?

Open heart surgery is a highly invasive and complex procedure, and the heart is a vital organ that needs to be protected during the surgery. Other types of surgery may not require the heart to be stopped or may not involve working directly on the heart, so a cold solution is not necessary. However, in some cases, a cold solution may be used for other types of surgeries to protect specific organs or tissues.

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