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In a multielectron atom, the lowest-l state for each n (2s, 3s, 4s, etc.) is significantly lower in energy than the hydrogen state having the same n. But the highest-l state for each n (2p, 3d, 4f, etc.) is very nearly equal in energy to the hydrogen state with the same n. Can someone please...
Why is the hydrogen the only atom that depends only on principal quantum number n and for all other elements, energies depend on both orbital quantum number and principal quantum number?
The hydrogen atom 1s wave function is a maximum at r = 0. But the 1s radial probability density, peaks at r = Bohr radius and is zero at r = 0. can someone explain this paradox?
In a multielectron atom, the lowest-l state for each n (2s, 3s, 4s, etc.) is significantly lower in energy than the hydrogen state having the same n. But the highest-l state for each n (2p, 3d, 4f, etc.) is very nearly equal in energy to the hydrogen state with the same n. Explain?
The probe passes over an atom that is 3.20×10^2 nm "tall."
The probe passes over an atom that is 3.20×10^2 nm "tall." By what factor does the tunneling current increase?
Homework Statement
An atom initially at rest emits a photon. Explain why the mass of the atom decreases, taking into account energy and momentum conservation.
The Attempt at a Solution
I get the energy conservation part. E=delta(m)c^2=hf. But how would momentum conservation cause an...
Homework Statement
The groundstate energy of the hydrogen atom can be calculated using the variational
principle. The normalised groundstate wavefunction is:
\psi_{100} = R(r)_{10} \cdot Y_{00}
with R_{10} = 2Ae^{-3/2}e^(r/a) and Y_{00} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{4z\pi}}
A is the so called...
Did Rutherford knew the structure of alpha particles?
If so, why was so important the scattering of alpha particles in the gold foil experiment?
He knew the structure of helium atom!
What is wrong with me?
Thanks for your friendly collaboration and excuse me if the post makes no sense.
1. Apply a magnetic field B to a hydrogen like atom. This gives rise to an additional potential energy term of mu_b*B*L_z/hbar
a) Show that the eigenfunction PSI_nlm is still an eigenfunction in the presence of the magnetic field
b) Show that the eigenvalues are E_n + m*mu_b*B
How do...
Homework Statement
If the mass of a hydrogen atom is 1.67*10-27kg and the mass of an electron is 9.1*10-31kh, how many electrons would be required to have a mass equivalent to one hydrogen atom?
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
I tried dividing them into each other...
Homework Statement
A mass spectrometer analyzes and gives data for a beam of doubly ionized atoms. The values are q = 2(1.60 x 10^-19 C), B = 5.0 x 10^-2 T, r = 0.120 m, and V = 3442.9 V. Find the mass of one of these atoms.
Homework Equations
B^2*q*r^2 / 2*v
The Attempt at a...
Homework Statement
Instead of electrons in the hydrogen atom experiencing the Coulomb potential, let's say they experience a potential in the form of V(r) = V_0(\frac{r}{R})^k, where V_0 > 0,\: R > 0, \:k > 0.
With this information find an equation for the radii of the Bohr orbit with...
1. Given that the ground energy level of a hydrogen atom is -13.6eV, the 1st excited state -3.4eV. The difference is 10.2eV. Imagine a photon of energy 11.0eV hits the electron at ground state. What will be the final result?
Electron doesn't gets excited, photo bounces off with 11.0eV?
or...
A doubly charged helium atom (mass = 6.68 x 10-27 kg) is accelerated through a potential difference of 4.00x 103 V. What will be the radius of curvature of the path of the atom if it is in a uniform 0.450 T magnetic field?
the equation i was using was
r = mV/|q|B
m = 6.68 x 10^-27
V =...
The last few days I've been going back to review the solution of the Schrodinger equation for the Hydrogen Atom. I learned this in school years ago and I review it every 5-10 years just to appreciate it again. However, something very basic is now bothering me, and I was hoping someone could...
My question concerns the orbitals in the atom (s,p,d, and f.) I know that each orbital shell is a probability density that has a quantized energy. My question is, do the orbitals touch, or rather do higher orbitals like say a d have a probability density that overlaps a p or s orbital in a...
Homework Statement
A doubly charged helium atom whose mass is 6.6 \times 10^{ - 27} {\rm{kg}} is accelerated by a voltage of 2800 V.
What will be its radius of curvature if it moves in a plane perpendicular to a uniform 0.370 -T field?
What is its period of revolution?Homework Equations
F=qvB...
Homework Statement
I have a series of functions, states, and levels that I'm suppose to graph using excel. Only problem is I'm not even sure of what to do. I'm completely confused/lost.
Homework Equations
n=1 l=0 R(r)=\frac{2}{a_0^{3/2}}e^{-r/a_0}
n=2 l=0...
An electron in a hydrogen atom occupies the combined position and spin state.
\Psi\left(\vec{r},\xi\right)=\left(\sqrt{1/3}Y^{1}_{0}\xi_{+}+\sqrt{2/3}Y^{1}_{1}\xi_{-}\right)
What are the possible measured values of J^{2} (where J is the total angular momentum of the electron L + S) and...
Homework Statement
What is the average kinetic energy of an atom of helium gas at a temperature of 20 degrees C?
Homework Equations
N/A
The Attempt at a Solution
Here's my attempt at a solution: Using the equation E = kT/2 for each degree of freedom, I found that KE = 3kT/2...
a simple atom is comprised of one electron and one proton, with a distance of R=0.5*10-10m between them
1) what is the electric force between them
F=K(qq)/r2 = 28.8N
------------------------------
2)how much smaller than the electric force is:
a) the gravitational force of the...
Homework Statement
(a) Is the mass of a hydrogen atom in its ground state larger or smaller than the sum of the masses of a proton and an electron?
b) What is the mass difference?
c) How large is the difference as a percentage of the total mass?
d) Is it large enough to affect the value of...
It may sound stupid but is it possible that the force of gravity in a black hole is strong enough to nuclear fuse all of the atoms in a black hole? I am won't understand anything complex so try to keep it as simple as possible. (also, how do you calculate mass? I don't understand the equation...
Has anybody ever considered the effects of curved spacetime on an atom? I know that an atom is subject to QM, but it still is significantly larger than the Plank scale, so would the standard formulas of GM still apply? I also know that in the small vicinity of an atom, spacetime is basically...
If I understand it right an atom is made up of mostly empty space.
http://education.jlab.org/atomtour/fact3.html
What is the nature of this space?
Is it like the space-time that Albert Einstein spoke of?
Homework Statement
Using the uncertainty principle find the energy required for the electron to be confined inside the hydrogen atom. Use the radius of the atom 1 x 10-10 m for Δr. Express your answer in eV, rounded up to the nearest hundredth.
Homework Equations
ΔxΔp\geqh/4pie...
Homework Statement
using first-order perturbation theory ,estimate the correction to the ground state energy of a hydrogenic atom due to the finite size of the nucleus, assume it's spherical nucleus.
Homework Equations
you can employ the fact that the electrostatic potential fi...
Homework Statement
A hydrogen atom can be considered as having a central point-like proton of positive charge +e and an electron of negative charge -e that is distributed about the proton according to the volume charge density rho=A*exp(-2r/a_1). Here A is a constant, a_1 = .53x10^(-10)m is...
I heard that it is possible to measure positions of individual atoms in a crystal. Is this true?
I understand the principle of measuring crystal orientation and base vectors of Bravais lattice with X-ray, but I have no idea how positions of individual atoms can be obtained. I suppose it is...
Homework Statement
A hydrogen atom has an electron in the fundamental state.
a. Show that a radiation with λ = 50 nm will ionize the atom.
b. What will be the excess kinetic energy of the electron in joules?
Round up your answer to the nearest hundredth.
Homework Equations
1/lambda=...
Homework Statement
In a classical model of the hydrogen atom, the electron moves around the proton in a circular orbit of radius 0.053 nm.
A) What is the electron's orbital frequency?
Homework Equations
F = qE
E= kq/r^2
angular velocity = v^2/r
The Attempt at a Solution
I'm...
consider a water molecule..
it is heated beyond its boiling temperature..it turns into wet and superheated steam..later
but what happens to..it..
??
please answer my question
Homework Statement
Hello. I'd like to solve this: -\frac{\hbar^2}{2m}\nabla^2 \Psi(r,\theta,\phi) -U(r) \Psi(r,\theta,\phi) = E\Psi(r,\theta,\phi)
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
I can separate the variables, but that's about it.
\frac{1}{R(r)}...
Hello,
I'm fairly new with the nuclear physics, but I'm willing to study and learn as much as possible.
I've been reading on wikipedia about the nuclides, but I couldn't understand what is the difference between an atom and a nuclide?
On wikipedia they say that a nuclide is a...
Homework Statement
A proton is fired from far away towards the nucleus of a mercury atom. Mercury is element number 80, and the diameter of the nucleus is 14.0 fm. If the proton is fired at a speed of 32100000 m/s, what is its closest approach to the surface of the nucleus (in fm)? Assume that...
Hi all:
As we know, if we solve the schrodinger equation, the ground state wavefunction is independent of theta and psi. We find the expectation value of ground state orbital angular momentum is zero. But if we don't do any mathematical calculation, can we conlude that?
For example, Due to...
Homework Statement
The water molecule forms an angle, with hydrogen atoms at the tips and the oxygen atom at the vertex (see diagram in the previous problem).
Assume that the angle at the oxygen atom is Θ = 103.5o and the distance between the oxygen and the hydrogen atoms is d = 93.1 x 10-9...
Zero point energy and hydrogen atom
In quantum mechanics, the lowest energy level of Simple Harmonic Oscilator is not zero and equal to hw/2. It is called the zero point energy.
Is the energy level at ground state of hydrogen atom the zero point energy also?
I am having some difficulty understanding the concept of colour charge.
I realize that protons and neutrons are made up of a different number of quarks, and this is how they have the charges +1 and zero.
I then realized that different quarks have color charge and that in a hadron (protons...
in a single atom can more than one electron be transitioning between electron shells at the same time? can the atom be emitting more than one frequency at the same time? or is there some rule against this?
Hey there. I'm trying to redo basic quantum chemistry with a lot more rigor. I'm currently using Pauling's "Introduction to Quantum Mechanics With Applications to Chemistry". Here is a copy of the page(s) I will be referring to...
Where EXACTLY is the "Mass" of an Atom? Proton? Quark? Hadron? Gluon??
Just look at the simplest Hydrogen atom -- one Proton. The question is *where* exactly is the mass of this thing? Or *what* makes up the mass of this thing? Is it just Quarks? So where is the *mass* of those things? Where is...
In most of quantum textbook, they say strong magnetic field destroy the spherical symmetry of an atom in zeeman effect. Total angular moment is not conserved. Can anyone explain what physical meaning is? I cannot picture it in my mind. How does strong magnetic field cause spherical symmetry...
im just learning the quantum model of the atom now and i have a few questions,
1st: why does the different energy levels represented by the primary quantum number n have different numbers of subshells represented by l such as 0,1,2,3. Energy level 1 can only have s or 0 but Energy Level 2...
I don´t understand how can an excited atoms generate photons, ex. a incandescent lamp.
Does vibrating eletrons emit eletromagnetic fields ?
Thanks a lot