What is Beta: Definition and 403 Discussions

Beta (UK: , US: ; uppercase Β, lowercase β, or cursive ϐ; Ancient Greek: βῆτα, romanized: bē̂ta or Greek: βήτα, romanized: víta) is the second letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 2. In Ancient Greek, beta represented the voiced bilabial plosive /b/. In Modern Greek, it represents the voiced labiodental fricative /v/ (while /b/ in foreign words is instead commonly transcribed as μπ). Letters that arose from beta include the Roman letter ⟨B⟩ and the Cyrillic letters ⟨Б⟩ and ⟨В⟩.

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  1. X

    Kinetic energy of electron after beta decay

    Is that a constant? If not, is there an equation that allows us to calculate its kinetic energy based on the properties of the atom it came from?
  2. G

    Proton beta plus decay -proton proton chain

    proton beta plus decay --proton proton chain Im a biologist so forgive the ignorance. In beta-plus decay, a proton decays into a neutron and emmits a β+ and an electron neutrino. If the neutron is more massive than the proton where did the extra mass come from? Im asking in the context...
  3. M

    Double Beta Decay(neutrinoless)

    Problem: Double Beta Decay with Neutrino emition or Neutrinoless I want some papers regarding this effect. Experimental and Theoritical if possible.. Especially for the second. Everyone who can help me: Thank you...
  4. C

    MHB Is it Possible to show this? Beta function

    Hi everyone! I got two versions of one particular function and now I need to show those two versions are equivalent. For that I need to show the follwing, Is it possible to show this by using the properties of Beta functions, Gaussian hypergeometric function etc? Thanks in advance!
  5. I

    Beta+ Decay: Making Sense of Proton-to-Neutron Conversion

    This has been really bugging me. Beta plus decay is when a proton emits a positron in order to convert to a neutron, thus making the element more stable. If protons are less massive than neutrons, how does that make sense? You have less mass, emit some, and end up with more? I must be missing...
  6. P

    How to Calculate Q Value for Beta-Decay Using Atomic Masses?

    Can someone please tell me how to calculate this? My notes are such a mess. Is it as simple as Q = (Mx-My)c2 using atomic masses? Cheers, Mick
  7. Q

    Radioisotopes: Alpha, Beta, Gamma Emissions?

    I need to question that what does radio isotopes emits?Alpha,Beta,Gamma or all particles?
  8. T

    Beta Positive Decay reactor

    Okay, I have had a idea for some time and I want to see if it will work. first you get Magnesium 24 launch protons at 20 Mev then a decay happens. Now you have Na22 sodium 22 beta positive decays into a anti electron of 1 Mev with its counter particle they annihilation into 2 gamma rays which...
  9. G

    Exploring Alpha, Beta, Gamma Decay & Conservation of Mass/Energy

    I am completing an assignment that is covering alpha, beta, and gamma decay. I am going to try and keep this as general as possible, as I want to figure this out myself but I just looking for feedback to make sure I am on the right track. I noticed that after alpha decay, the mass of the...
  10. C

    Calculate the KE of an electron emitted from the beta decay of a neutron

    Homework Statement What is the maximum kinetic energy (in keV to 3 significant figures) of an electron emitted in the beta decay of a free neutron? Write down the decay equation using accepted notation. Mass of a Neutron: 1.008665 u Mass of a Proton: 1.007276 u Mass of an Electron...
  11. E

    Nuclear Physics - Difference between electron capture and beta plus decay

    So my question has a few parts to it. First, if an atom is decaying and the proton (Z) number is decreasing in the decay process, am I correct in assuming that the nucleus is either decaying by electron capture of beta plus emission? Secondly, I understand that beta plus emission can only...
  12. O

    Positron emission (Beta + decay)

    Why does β+ decay occur? If protons are stable and all baryons eventually decay to protons, then how is it that protons can 'decay' to a neutron? What causes this to happen? (I assume it isn't as frequent as β- decay, or up and down quarks would be coming and going constantly, and we'd be...
  13. B

    Calculating beta for two moving light sources

    Question Two monochromatic light sources approach each other head-on with equal speeds, v=\beta c relative to the laboratory. When they pass each other, the frequency of the light each receives from the other is halved. Show that \beta =3-\sqrt{8} Attempt at solution I have tried to...
  14. E

    Beta functions and relevant/irrelevant operators

    Ok, I'm having some conceptual difficulty here. When discussing beta functions and the relation how these differential equations flow, I still don't quite get the difference between relevant vs. marginally relevant and irrelevant vs. marginally irrelevant. For instance, take the β function...
  15. P

    MD simulation of amyloid beta dimer using GROMACS

    Hello, I am very new to GROMACS and needed some help with simple MD simulations. I have amyloid beta peptide (pdb code 1IYT) monomer that I need to place side by side in a water box, energy minimize and run the simulation. I have problems putting them together and creating the new necessary...
  16. D

    Beta - special functions - manipulation

    Homework Statement I have this incomplete Beta function question I need to solve using the Beta function. \int^{a}_{0}y^{4}\sqrt{a^{2}-y^{2}}dy Homework Equations Is there an obvious substitution which will help convert to a variant of Beta? Beta function and variants are in Beta_function...
  17. J

    Energy release from beta plus decay

    [b]1. Astatine-210 decays through a beta-plus decay process. Use the table in section 29-8 (see the link above) to find the relevant masses for this decay, and calculate the energy (in MeV) released by the decay of one such atom. You can neglect the mass of the neutrino that is one of the decay...
  18. Demon117

    Relationship between angle gamma and alpha and beta

    So I feel like a complete moron for asking this. I have never been very strong in geometry so I wondered if a few math folks could help me out. I am just looking for the angle relationships of gamma, alpha, and beta. This is just a small piece of a much larger analysis that I am doing. I...
  19. C

    Can beta radiation be detected in an expansion cloud chamber?

    Hello all, I just built an expansion cloud chamber and noted that while my alpha source (americium 241) produced a plethora of tracks, the beta source (strontium 90) produced no tracks at all-just mist. Does anyone know if beta radiation can be seen in an expansion type cloud chamber? Why or...
  20. G

    Magnetic field affecting an alpha and a beta particle.

    Homework Statement An \alpha-particle and a β-particle are both traveling along the same path at a speed of 1.5x106 ms-1. They then enter a region of uniform magnetic field. The field is a square with sides of 1 cm. The magnetic field is normal to the path of the particles and is into...
  21. K

    Are Beta Particles Made of Electrons and Anti-Neutrinos?

    Does a Beta(?) Particle as a whole, comprise electrons and anti-neutrino?? or just a electron??
  22. T

    Absolite convergence of the beta function

    Determine the values of the complex parameters p and q for which the beta function \int_0^1 t^{p-1} (1-t)^{q-1}dt converges absolutely. The solution says: Split the integral into 2 parts: \displaystyle \int_0^1 t^{p-1} (1-t)^{q-1}dt = \int_0^{1/2} t^{p-1} (1-t)^{q-1}dt + \int_{1/2}^1...
  23. R

    Co60 beta- Decay , question.

    Hello, my question is : C60 ---> Ni60+e-+anti-neutrino why does Co60 decay to an excited state of Ni60 and not directly to its ground state? and why does the Ni emite two photons (first transition from the second excited state to the first excited state and from the first excited state to...
  24. D

    Beta spectrometry problem, path of emmited particle

    Hi guys this is my first post since I've joined, so be nice! I've been playing around with a short lens spectrometer at uni, using a strontium-90 beta source. It basically consists of a long steel tube with the source housed at one end, and a solid state detector at the other, mid way there is...
  25. S

    If replace the (1-x) by (a-x) in the Beta integral what the result will be?

    Once (1-x)^n-1 is replaced by (1-a)^n-1 where a>1, the form of the integral changed drastically (I can't find a proper substitution in order to transform the new integral to Beta), does anyone know how to compute the new integral then? (I presume the result will still involve Gamma functions...
  26. R

    Critical points (will be a function of beta and delta)

    Homework Statement Find the critical points where \alpha = 1. dv/dt = v2 + \alphav - u + \delta [I will call this (1)] du/dt = \betav - u [call this (2)] For what values of \beta and \delta are there no critical points? Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution So...
  27. C

    Why is alpha and beta radiation measured in Sievert?

    What's the point of measuring alpha and beta radiation in Sievert? As I understand it, one Sievert is an equivalent of 1 Joule absorbed by 1kg of body mass. But since alpha and beta radiation barely penetrate the human skin, most of the body mass isn't irradiated at all. So the dose in...
  28. L

    BJT voltage divider bias beta variation

    Homework Statement Given, β=100, Is = 6E-16 See attachment. a) Find min value of Rb such that the BJT is in active region b) For the Rb found, what is the base-collector voltage if β=200 Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution Assuming, VCE min for active region operation...
  29. A

    Stupid question on Dirac alpha and beta matrices

    Homework Statement Dirac proposed that a relativistic wave equation that is linear in both space and time (unlike the Klein-Gordon equation, which is second order) has the form i\frac{\partial}{\partial t}\Psi = (\mathbf{\alpha} \cdot \mathbf{p)+\beta m)\Psi After squaring this, we'd like it...
  30. A

    Integration problem : Beta function related

    Homework Statement the problem is in the figure Homework Equations beta function = ∫u^x-1 * (1-u)^y-1 du " the integral is form 0 to 1" The Attempt at a Solution to use the beta function the integral must be from 0 to 1 but this problem is from 0 to a so i let X^2=a^2 * t and...
  31. X

    How are W Bosons Formed in Beta Decay

    I understand how beta decay works on a fundamental level, in that either an up or down quark in the one of the nucleons decays into an up or down quark and in the process, a W boson is emitted which in turn decays into an electron and an electron antineutrino or opposites thereof depending on...
  32. E

    Q-value in beta minus decay does not match.

    Hi I'm wondering if someone could help me out finding the Q-value fom a beta minus decay. It's a 90Y → 90Zr + e All sources I have says that the energy released is 2,28 MeV, but when i calculate i get 1,78 MeV So far, I've looked up the mass of the 90Y and the Zr90 and the electron...
  33. A

    FindFit for the 4-parameter beta distribution

    Hi all, I am trying to use FindFit in order to choose p and q parameters of ft function (which is actually a 4-parameter beta distribution) to match "data". I do not know why I get the Jacobean not being real warning at all times and also very poor fits. (If I do not specify starting guesses...
  34. G

    MATLAB How to write Matlab code for a multivariate Beta distribution

    Hello, I am working on a problem in which I first sample two unknown probabilities, p and q, from Beta distributions, and then I want to sample both of them at the same time from a multivariate Beta distribution. This is the code that I have for sampling p and q individually from Beta...
  35. P

    Beta Rays: Electromagnetic or Nuclear?

    Are Alpha and Beta rays electromagnetic ? If yes, then how ? I would like to know how negatively charged beta ray comes from the nucleus ? Thanks !
  36. L

    BJT in the reverse active region and beta

    For the BJT in the reverse active region, why shouldn't you dope the emitter and collector almost equally, even though it will increase beta_r? Also, what are some ways you can increase beta_r (in reverse active) or beta_f (in forward active)?
  37. H

    Beta Decay Processes of 5525Mn & 5526Fe

    Homework Statement The atomic mass of 55 25Mn = 54.938047u and that of 55 26Fe=54.938296u. Explain which of the three possible β-decay processes involving these two nuclides are forbidden, and which can occur. For decays which can occur, describe the energy spectrum of the products...
  38. Z

    Why are beta particles less penetrating than x-rays?

    Homework Statement Why are beta particles less penetrating than x-rays?
  39. ArcanaNoir

    Finding E(x^k) for gamma, beta, and lognormal distributions

    Homework Statement Find the expected value of g(X) = Xk for the a. gamma distribution b. beta distribution c. lognormal distribution Homework Equations gamma distribution: \frac{x^{\alpha -1}e^{ \frac{-x}{\beta}}}{ \Gamma (\alpha ) \beta ^{\alpha }} with paramenter x>0 beta...
  40. O

    What difference is between Beta particle and negative charges?

    "Beta particles are high-energy, high-speed electrons or positrons emitted by certain types of radioactive nuclei such as potassium-40. The beta particles emitted are a form of ionizing radiation also known as beta rays. " Negative charges also contain electrons, Beta particle are...
  41. C

    Finding beta for the boltzman distribution.

    Hello! I'm trying to do a satisfactory derivation of the Boltzmann distribution. By using lagrange multipliers I've come as far as to prove that P(i) = \frac{1}{Z} e^{-\beta E(i)} where Z = \sum_i e^{-\beta E(i)}, but how does one actually establish that \beta = 1/kT?
  42. I

    Question about Beta distribution (probability)

    Homework Statement 1. The Beta distribution: A Beta random variable is a positive continuous random variable de ned on [0; 1] that has two parameters associated with it, usually denoted and . Both and must be positive real numbers. The beta distribution is used to model the...
  43. B

    Backscattering of Beta Particles

    Im doing experiment about change in backscattering intensity of beta particles. I want to ask questions about it... 1) Is it true tat the count reading from GM tube = backscattering intensity?? 2) In order to find the percentage of backscatter, I need to compare my result with the standard...
  44. G

    What is the Reason Behind Beta Decay Not Creating an Ion?

    Beta decay is when a neutron creates a proton and an electron and the electron is then expelled, right? So I was wondering, why would the new atom formed not be an ion? If the neutron became a proton, the mass number should stay the same, and the atomic number should increase by 1 since...
  45. T

    Gamma and Beta Integrals

    Homework Statement The Gamma and Beta integrals are defined respectively as \Gamma (z) = \int^{\infty}_0 t^{z-1} e^{-t}\;dt B(p,q) = \int^1_0 t^{p-1} (1-t)^{q-1}\;dt. Determine for what values of the complex parameters z, p, q the integrals converge absolutely and explain why. The...
  46. M

    Can the Beta carbons of ketones act as nucleophiles? And one more question.

    [PLAIN]http://img543.imageshack.us/img543/4545/asdfrr.jpg I'm wondering what the mechanism would be of the reaction in the pic I've attached. It does seem the Beta carbon acts as a nucleophile and attacks the carboxylic acid. I have a couple of questions, one general (#1) and one specific to...
  47. J

    Fermi and Gamow-Teller beta decays

    Am I right in thinking Fermi type beta decay is helicity suppressed, due to the necessity of having a right handed electron? This was implied but not explicitly stated in my lectures. And is this why Gamow-Teller type beta decay is the generally favoured mode?
  48. S

    Recurrence Relation for Alpha beta filter

    The alpha beta filter equation is given by this Xni = AXn + BXn-1 Xn-1 is subscript i want to figure the solution to this recurrence relation, but is it a recurrence relation? i am wondering weather alpha beta filters grow faster than exponential smoothing filters.- i said it is a 1st order...
  49. Y

    In a book I'm reading, it says:If beta is orthogonal to the set A,

    In a book I'm reading, it says: If beta is orthogonal to the set A, then beta is orthogonal to the closure of the linear span of A It's easy to see beta is orthogonal to the linear span of A, but I don't understand why it has to mention closure here?
  50. C

    Beta decay problems, not getting the right answer

    Homework Statement a) What is the energy of the neutrino, if a phosphorus-32 atom (31.97390 u) beta-decays into a sulphur-32 atom (31.97207 u), and the kinetic energy of the accompanying electron is 0.90 MeV? (answer: 0.25 MeV) b) A boron-12 atom (12.01435 u) beta-decays into a...
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