What is Beta: Definition and 403 Discussions

Beta (UK: , US: ; uppercase Β, lowercase β, or cursive ϐ; Ancient Greek: βῆτα, romanized: bē̂ta or Greek: βήτα, romanized: víta) is the second letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 2. In Ancient Greek, beta represented the voiced bilabial plosive /b/. In Modern Greek, it represents the voiced labiodental fricative /v/ (while /b/ in foreign words is instead commonly transcribed as μπ). Letters that arose from beta include the Roman letter ⟨B⟩ and the Cyrillic letters ⟨Б⟩ and ⟨В⟩.

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  1. Kiwimaster76

    Medical Effects of 25 minutes of beta radiation exposure?

    So in chem lab we were doing experiments in radiation and the TA seems to have no idea how to do stuff, he told us to hold the samples at certain distances from a Geiger counter for 2 minutes at a time. I was tasked with holding an Sr90 sample for roughly 25 minutes, it was a very small sample...
  2. Leonardo Machado

    A Beta equilibrium for free and interacting nucelar models

    Good evening. I'm currently studing dense matter and nuclear matter above 10^8 g/cm^3, and i know well how to insert a beta equilibirum condition in a free Fermi gás at T=0. \sqrt{K^2_{F,n}+m^2_n}=\sqrt{K^2_{F,p}+m^2_p}+\sqrt{K^2_{F,e}+m^2_e} But how do i insert the same condition of...
  3. B

    I Beta Distributed Random Variates

    Hello, I am looking at different methods for generating random numbers from the beta distribution. I am a bit confused about the following statement: "It is known that if ##a, b ∈ N_{>0} = \{1, 2, 3, . . .\}##, ##Y = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^a X_i}{\sum_{j=1}^{a+b}X_k}## is ##\mathrm{Be}(a...
  4. cmyers152

    What Ground-State Beta Decays Are Possible for Isobaric Mass Chain A=141?

    Homework Statement Consider the isobaric mass chain A=141. Using the NNDC website, determine what types of ground-state beta decays are possible for different elements within this chain (beta minus, beta plus, EC, etc.) as well as the nature (allowed, first-forbidden, etc.) Homework Equations...
  5. A

    I Particle physics -- The collision of two Beta particles....

    I would likr to know what would happen if two beta particles were too collide with each other
  6. S

    Beta emission momentum problem

    Homework Statement C14 disintegrates by b-emission with a reaction energy (q value) of 0.155 MeV. A b-particles with an energy of 0.025MeV is emitted in a direction at 135° to the direction of motion of the recoil nucleus. Then the momenta of the three particles (b = V, 14N) involved in this...
  7. Richie Smash

    Find the value of beta in degrees

    Homework Statement In triangle ABC AC= 9cm, BC=5cm and angle ACB = β in degrees. Given that cos2β=0.84, determine (i) the exact value of sin2B (ii) the value of β if 90°<β<180° (iii) the length of AB Homework Equations sin2θ+cos2θ=1 The Attempt at a Solution Using that equation In relevant...
  8. Richie Smash

    Find the value of alpha and beta (matrix equation)

    Homework Statement Hello, I have three matrices A = [3 -4 2 1] B = [α β] C= [α 5] The question now states AB = C Find the values of (alpha) and (beta). Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution I found the inverse of A, then I multiplied each side of the equation AB=C by the inverse...
  9. Richie Smash

    Expected energy of a beta particle

    Homework Statement Nitrogen-17 emits a Beta particle to form an isotope of Oxygen. Use the following data to find the expected energy of the Beta particle. Mass of N-17 = 17.00845 u Mass of O-17 = 16.99913 u Mass of Beta particle = 0.00055 u Unified mass unit (u) = 1.66 x 10-27kg Speed of...
  10. B

    Alpha Beta Crosstalk: Ludlum 3030P Impact on Alpha Counts?

    I have a Ludlum 3030P alpha beta counter. This has windows set from 70 - 700 mV and 1000 - 4000 mV but i only use it to measure Alpha smears. This instrument comes optional with detector shielding which reduces background betas. Since I'm not measuring betas does it matter that I don't have the...
  11. A

    I Calculation Of the energy Of beta decay in tritium

    Hi! I hace been trying to calculate how many energy in form of beta radiation is emitted in one if those "Tritiglows" sold in Amazon. I did the following math (imatge) and got a really high energy. How is that posible? Where did I failed...
  12. S

    B Explaination of beta + decay in layman language

    QUESTION: I read in book that in beta + decay proton decays to neutron But i can't understand how it is possible if proton mass is less than neutron mass.I read on net but it says 'quarks' and 'd u p' things which i don't study about currently. Also why it only happen inside nucleus?What...
  13. A

    I End Point Energy and Q value in beta decay

    I know that Q value of a reaction is the difference between total initial mass-energy and total final mass-energy of all the products. Then shouldn't be this also the maximum kinetic energy and hence endpoint energy of an electron in beta decay. But what I have read endpoint energy ##E_0 = Q +...
  14. C

    I Two Loop Beta Function for Strong Coupling in QCD

    A one loop expression for the strong coupling can be calculated with the result $$\alpha_s^{(1)}(\mu^2) = \frac{4\pi}{b_o \ln(\mu^2/\Lambda^2)}\,\,\,\,\,(1), $$see e.g in the first few pages of the attached file, where $$Q^2 \frac{\partial \alpha_s(Q^2)}{\partial Q^2} = \beta(\alpha_s) =...
  15. T

    Beta Spectroscopy: Decay Path of Na 22 and Sr 90 | Experimental Setup & Results

    Homework Statement The decay path of Na 22 and Strontium 90 Experimental Setup The beta particle electron from strontium 90 and positron from sodium 22 physical measurement is as shown. Experimental Result (verified) Strontium beta particle(electron) Count Rate vs Energy(rest energy...
  16. R

    Decay Processes of 39Ca, 39Ar, and 40K

    Could I please check if my answers to the following three questions are correct? My answers are in bold. 1. How would you expect 39Ca to decay? a) β+ or electron capture (EC) b) Electron capture only c) β- d) α 2. How would you expect 39Ar to decay? a) β+ or electron capture (EC) b) Electron...
  17. Cocoleia

    Calculating R with Beta in a Circuit

    Homework Statement I have this circuit Where I have to find R given that I=2mA, and Beta =200 Homework Equations Ic=Beta Ib Ie = Ic+Ib The Attempt at a Solution I would have thought that the voltage Vb would be -9.3V, since we have Vbe = 0.7 and at the bottom we are given -10V. Then I would...
  18. N

    B Tritium, beta decay, spatial parity

    I bought one of those small tritium veils with phosphorus. Read about beta decay, wow what an interesting read! So there was mention when a neutron decays into a proton it emits an electron and an electron anti-neutrino. Also that there is no spatial parity with the physics. What does no...
  19. A

    B Beta Plus Decay: Exploring the Physics Behind It

    Hi, I have a question about beta plus decay. I have read through the previous post regarding this decay, but I did not find anyone mentioning what I wonder about. Also, some post dates back to 2009, and maybe some recent findings in physics can explain things in a "better" way. So according to...
  20. S

    A Reduced matrix element for 0_ --> 0+ forbidden beta decay

    Hello Basically i need some help or references on proving that Working with spherical tensors in a 0_ ---> 0+ forbidden beta decay could you please give me some hints on how to do this proof? Thank you
  21. Z

    I Cs-137 Experiment: Effects of Heavy Metal Shielding on Radiation Levels

    Hey guys, I am currently running an experiment with Cs-137 multiple sources ranging from 1 to 10 uCi, i have a lead pig with a Cs-137 source at the top and a 1/4" small tunnel drilled through the 2" thick slab inside the pig is the Gieger counter, Using various heavy metals as a shield i seem to...
  22. charlesmartin14

    A Is beta decay a weak charge-current processes?

    Im try to understand this paper http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/vie... and see if I correctly understand which processes are charge-current processes, and which are charge neutral, as listed in Figure 1. Thanks
  23. J

    I Does beta decay change spin orientation?

    If you have a free neutron viewed from a known frame of reference which is known to be spin up and it decays, is there anything in theory or experiment which indicates whether the remaining proton will be spin up or down? Thanks Jerry
  24. S

    A ΛQCDΛQCD from the beta function of QCD coupling constant

    The beta function for the strong coupling ##g_3## is given by ##\displaystyle{\mu \frac{\partial g_{3}}{\partial\mu}(\mu) = - \frac{23}{3} \frac{g_{3}^{3}(\mu)}{16\pi^{2}},}## with ##\alpha_{3}(\mu = M_{Z}) = 0.118.## We can use separation of variables to solve the beta function equation...
  25. chandrahas

    What prevents high Beta plasma confinement and how to overcome the problems....

    In order to confine a plasma, the plasma pressure is supposed to be lower than the magnetic pressure. The ratio of the plasma pressure to the magnetic pressure is called beta . Theoretically, the value of beta is supposed to stay below one to confine a plasma, but can get close to it. But in...
  26. Comeback City

    B Understanding Beta Decay: The Role of Quarks, Leptons, and Bosons

    These questions came to mind after my physics teacher told us that a neutron is actually a "proton-electron" pair. He then said in beta minus decay, when the neutron decays, the electron is released and only the proton remains. I'm pretty sure this is incorrect, though, but can any confirm it...
  27. I

    I Why use the mass of 2 electrons in calculation of Q for beta

    When dealing with a beta ^+ decay in the calculation of the disintegration energy Q, one includes the mass of 2 electrons. But the output result is 1 electron in the fundamental reaction: p => n + ( e^+ ) + v Where the neutron n has a neutral charge and the neutrino v has Z = 0. So why does...
  28. M

    MHB Verifying Potato Weight: Hypothesis Testing and Beta Error Analysis

    Hey! :o A vegetable trader sells potatoes in 5 kg bags. Since potatoes differ in size, it is difficult to ensure that in each bag are exactly 5 kg. The dealer claims that the average weight of the potatoes was 5 kilograms. This has to be checked with a sample. The sample (n = 25) gives an...
  29. Jr_Particle_Hunters

    B Beta particle penetration in our cloud chamber?

    Hello. We are elementary school kids who built a cloud chamber for our science project to test out the effectiveness of different shields against background radiation. We are not sure about something involving beta-particles. Can you help us please? We know low-energy beta particles cannot...
  30. K

    I Beta coefficient vs. Significance coefficient

    Hello Physicsforums! I've stumbeld on a problem in statistics (which is one of my weaknesses when it comes to math). I´m currently trying to analyze data from a study and using multiple regression analysis. From regression analysis with one independent variable I´m used to mainly focus on the...
  31. A

    B How does beta disintegration work?

    In beta desintegration, a down quark becomes an up quark by the weak force. We have to add one positive charge to make it work, and it comes from a virtual positron/electron pair. The positron changes the down quark to up quark and the electron scapes. But why does it scape because it's near...
  32. N

    A Perturbative expansion of Beta function - Renormalization

    I am trying to understand the basics of Renormalization. I have read that β encodes the running coupling and can be expanded as a power series as: β(g) = ∂g/(∂ln(μ)) = β0g3 + β1g5 + ... However, I don't understand how this is derived.. I assume that the terms correspond to 1 loop, 2 loops...
  33. SigurdScience

    I Is Beta Decay Happening Inside My Glow-in-the-Dark Key Chain Made of Plexiglass?

    Hi, I recently bought a glow-in-the-dark key chain, similar to http://tinyurl.com/zqf5sxb (image link). It is made from solid plexiglass, with a hollow cylinder in the middle, containing tritium. The electrons from the beta decay presumably hit a fluorescent wall on the inside of the cylinder...
  34. dykuma

    Sterling approximation of Beta Function

    Homework Statement Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I think this problem is probably a lot simpler than I am making it out to be. However, when I apply sterling's approx., I get a very nasty equation that does not simplify easily. One of the biggest problems I have though is...
  35. M

    Beta radiation and Alpha radiation

    This might be a very stupid question :(, but I am confused. So I did an experiment. we had radioactive material which was emitting beta particles, and we were using geiger counter to measure pulses (ionized beta particles). We were supposed to measure the time it takes for the geiger counter to...
  36. Elvis 123456789

    Determining beta as a function of relativistic momentum

    Homework Statement For a fast moving particle, its momentum and energy are frequently easier to measure than its velocity. a) Show that the factor of beta (as defined by β=v/c), can also be determined by measuring the ratio of relativistic momentum (p) and total energy (E). b) Sketch...
  37. K

    I Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution Alpha and Beta

    Hi, I have a question about Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution. First, because of mass conservataion and energy conservatioin, Sum Ni and Sum EiNi must be constant. Partial of both sum will be 0. Is that why we adopted constant alpha as a parametric constant? because without alpha, partial Nj of...
  38. M

    Deriving the thermodynamic beta from Lagrange Multipliers

    I'm nearly at the end of this derivation but totally stuck so I'd appreciate a nudge in the right direction Consider a set of N identical but distinguishable particles in a system of energy E. These particles are to be placed in energy levels ##E_i## for ##i = 1, 2 .. r##. Assume that we have...
  39. J

    B Cloud Chamber Experiment Help - Identifying Particles

    Yesterday I decided to carry out a cloud chamber experiment for a school assessment. I used "100%" isopropanol and around 2.5 kg of dry ice. After a wait of approximately 30 minutes, the particle tracks began to appear. I placed a weak source of Americium-241 sourced from a smoke detector (1...
  40. ali khotbesara

    NaI detector in water source -- gamma & beta

    Homework Statement simulation of bersiv function of NaI detector it's in cylinder of water with volumetric source of Potassium40 (90% beta 1.31 mev & 10% gamma 1.504 mev ) how candefin define electron and gamma Volumetric source in mcnpx (6) ...
  41. entropy1

    I Is CPT symmetry violated in beta decay?

    I read that CP-symmetry violation occurs (or can occur) in beta decay. Does that mean that, since CPT-symmetry must hold, there is no T-symmetry?
  42. H

    B Current Flux from Alpha and Beta Radiation

    In a smoke detector there is 1 muCi of Am-241. I'm assuming that means it emits (3.7x10^10)*(1x10^-6)=3.7x10^4 alpha particles per second. Each alpha particle has a charge of 2e, so it seems to me that this stream of particles leaving the Am-241 pellet would carry a current of...
  43. Dr. Octavious

    Understanding Plasma Beta and its Impact on Tokamak Design

    Hello all, I am trying to calculate the plasma beta in a specific plasma temperature. for the plasma pressure i am using the formula p=(ni*kB*Ti)+(ne*kB*ne) and for the beta i am using β=(2*μ0*p)/B^2. I plotted an excel sheet for different values of the magnetic field and realized that the...
  44. D

    What increases in nucleus as a result of alpha and beta decays

    Homework Statement Well one of the questions that I'm not too sure the answer to is what parameter in the nucleus increases as a result of alpha and beta decay.Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution Not too sure, I mean atomic number decreases and so does mass number so. But what...
  45. I

    Beta decay, electron capture Q value

    Homework Statement Find the ##Q## value for electron capture of ##^{196}Au##. Homework Equations ##Q_\epsilon = [m(^AX)-m(^AX')]c^2-B_n## The Attempt at a Solution How do I know if I have an ##K##- or ##L##-shell for the electron? Assuming I have an ##K## shell taking ##B_n = \; ^{196m1}Au##...
  46. C

    A Accelerating an electron in beta decay

    The electron created and emitted in the beta decay of a proton has an initial velocity close to the speed of light. When I try to calculate, not taking into account relativity, the force needed to accelerate an electron to that velocity over a distance the size of a proton, I get about 45 N...
  47. kiwaho

    I Can electron beam accelerate electron capture beta decay?

    Some nuclides undergo decay of electron capture or beta plus. Can electron beam with appropriate energy accelerate electron capture beta decay? Same scenario: If I am looking for something, and my friend kindly hands it over to me, then I say thanks, because my seeking time is shorten.
  48. G

    B How do beta particles remove electrons?

    Hello all, I'm just learning about beta decay and the emission of beta particles. I have come to an understanding that this is ionising radiation because it has the ability to remove electrons and turn the molecules it interacts with into ions. I've looked on the Internet for this information...
  49. StanEvans

    I Beta Radiation: Quark Transformation & Charge Change

    my understanding of beta radiation is that an up quark in a proton changes to a down quark, forming a neutron and emitting an electron as the result of the change in charge. My questions are, 1. Why does the quark change? 2. How does it change and how does it change charge?
  50. C

    I Can We Neglect Electron Binding Energies in Beta Decay Calculations?

    Hi, I was reading the wiki article here on beta decay and energy release: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_decay#Energy_release In obtaining a condition on the masses of the initial and final atoms we neglected the difference in electron binding energies of the two atoms. Does this mean we...
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