What is Cars: Definition and 434 Discussions

A car (or automobile) is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transportation. Most definitions of cars say that they run primarily on roads, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport people rather than goods.Cars came into global use during the 20th century, and developed economies depend on them. The year 1886 is regarded as the birth year of the modern car when German inventor Karl Benz patented his Benz Patent-Motorwagen. Cars became widely available in the early 20th century. One of the first cars accessible to the masses was the 1908 Model T, an American car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company. Cars were rapidly adopted in the US, where they replaced animal-drawn carriages and carts, but took much longer to be accepted in Western Europe and other parts of the world.Cars have controls for driving, parking, passenger comfort, and a variety of lights. Over the decades, additional features and controls have been added to vehicles, making them progressively more complex, but also more reliable and easier to operate. These include rear-reversing cameras, air conditioning, navigation systems, and in-car entertainment. Most cars in use in the early 2020s are propelled by an internal combustion engine, fueled by the combustion of fossil fuels. Electric cars, which were invented early in the history of the car, became commercially available in the 2000s and are predicted to cost less to buy than gasoline cars before 2025. The transition from fossil fuels to electric cars features prominently in most climate change mitigation scenarios, such as Project Drawdown's 100 actionable solutions for climate change.There are costs and benefits to car use. The costs to the individual include acquiring the vehicle, interest payments (if the car is financed), repairs and maintenance, fuel, depreciation, driving time, parking fees, taxes, and insurance. The costs to society include maintaining roads, land use, road congestion, air pollution, public health, healthcare, and disposing of the vehicle at the end of its life. Traffic collisions are the largest cause of injury-related deaths worldwide.Personal benefits include on-demand transportation, mobility, independence, and convenience. Societal benefits include economic benefits, such as job and wealth creation from the automotive industry, transportation provision, societal well-being from leisure and travel opportunities, and revenue generation from taxes. People's ability to move flexibly from place to place has far-reaching implications for the nature of societies. There are around 1 billion cars in use worldwide. Car usage is increasing rapidly, especially in China, India and other newly industrialized countries.

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  1. Astronuc

    The World's Most Efficient Cars

    Like every year, this is the season for the Shell Eco-Marathon annual fuel-economy competition. Last week, the hydrogen-powered Swiss PAC-Car II broke a new record, using 1.02 gram of hydrogen to finish the race. This is the equivalent of 5,385 kilometers per liter of gasoline. For users of...
  2. Ivan Seeking

    'Plastic oil' could improve fuel economy in cars

    http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2005-06/acs-oc061305.php
  3. Moonbear

    Are Cars Too Sound-Proofed for Drivers to Hear Emergency Vehicles?

    The favorite radio station thread reminded me of an experience while renting an SUV. I got an SUV as a rental vehicle last year for a visit to my sister (it came in handy for hauling around relatives and getting stuff to a park for my nephew's birthday). At one point, I had the radio on...
  4. R

    Turbines for hydrogen fueled cars?

    The energy density usually given for hydrogen is 142 MJ/kg, by which comparison is made to how much hydrogen would have to be carried for it to be competitive with gasoline-fueled vehicles: Bottling the hydrogen genie. "One kilogram of hydrogen provides about the same chemical energy (142...
  5. C

    Projectile Motion Problem with 2 Moving Cars

    Goodmorning, here is the problem that has troubled me and a bunch of my friends much of the day. A low-flying helicopter is flying a constant 200 km/h horizontally wants to drop a object into a open car which is traveling at 150 km/h on a level highway 78.0 m below. At what angle (with the...
  6. T

    Building Mouse Trap Cars for Physics Exams: Tips and Hints

    Does anyone have any tips on how to make/build a mouse trap car, with the mouse trap being the only source of energy? I have an idea of what it should look like, and how it should work, but I'm really not sure. Is there any helpful hints that I might need while building my project for my physics...
  7. mattmns

    Cars and other forms of transit

    I am looking for a book/s (yes I know this is the wrong section, but it will probably get more replies here :-p ). I want a book/s that is a big overview of all the transit systems (US and Europe in particular) But I also want a huge emphasis on cars in the US. I do not want a book that was...
  8. Ivan Seeking

    Why do race cars use wide tires?

    If the frictional forces are independent of the area of the tire in contact with the road, what motivates this choice?
  9. J

    Why Do Race Cars Heat Their Tires Before a Race?

    Why exactly do race cars have their tires heated before a race?
  10. T

    Why Don't Cars Use Diesel-Electric Motors?

    Why don't car makers produce cars with diesel engines coupled with electric generator and then use only electric motors for propulsion? You know what I mean? :redface:
  11. S

    What Distance is Required to Stop a Car Moving at 50 m/s?

    If it takes 50 m to stop a car initially moving at 25 m/s, what distance is required to stop a car moving at 50 m/s under the same condition? a. 50 m b. 100 m c. 200 m d. 400 m This is probably a really easy question, but I just can't see how to work it out. I tried to set up a...
  12. H

    Speed After Collision of Five Railroad Cars

    1. Two railroad cars traveling at 5 m/s collide with three railroad cars at rest. The cars link together and move further down the track. Assume each railroad car is identical to each other. What is the speed after the collision of all five cars. This is the question I have and I see I...
  13. P

    Max Hill Steepness for Low-Powered Cars

    A city planner is working on the redesign of a hilly portion of a city. An important consideration is how steep the roads can be so that even low-powered cars can get up the hills without slowing down. It is given that a particular small car, with a mass of 1500 kg, can accelerate on a level...
  14. O

    Two cars, one accelerating and one

    The driver of a pink Cadillac traveling at a constant 60 mi/h is being chased by the law. The police car is 20 m behind the perpetrator when it too reaches 60 mi/h, and at that moment the officer floors the gas pedal. If her car roars up to the rear of the Caddilac 2.0 s later, what was her...
  15. G

    Ground effect on planes (and cars?)

    Hi, I got a few questions on ground effect : 1. When a plane lands, there is a period of ground effect, when the plane is less than 10 feet above the ground and the flight is very smooth. Can someone remind me why it is so smooth? 2. Does ground effect have any effect on regular or race...
  16. S

    Carbon fibre is used in formula one cars

    Carbon fibre is used in formula one cars to decrease load and increase aerodynamics. Is there a bearing which also works in a similar means ( re: light weight, as strong as current auto specs)?
  17. M

    Cars Versus Horse on Dirt Track

    [SOLVED] Cars Versus Horse on Dirt Track Ok, A little off topic, but something my co-workers and I have been arguing about. They believe if i were to race against horses on an equestrian track in my 240 horsepower 3000lb car, the horses would beat me. With their very un-educated...
  18. M

    Increasing Performance in F1 Cars | Max

    Hi, I am new to this site and i have a question that has been making me thinking for ages, what factors other than different grades of fuel and oil in F1 engines increase the power, because i have found that say Honda or BAR are down on BMW and Ferrari in terms of power by up to 100HP. Thanks Max
  19. C

    Why Convex Mirrors are Used in Late Model Cars

    The rear view on the passenger side of late model cars warn us theat objects may be closer than they appear. I think the mirror used is convex. But why is that type of mirror selected? thanks joe
  20. Clausius2

    Why Do Powerful Cars Have Wider Tyres?

    I was wondering me why the most powerful cars have usually tyres with a great band widht. Surely it is not a question of adherence, because friction factor is not a function of the contact area, but the type of surfices. Does it do with traction stability?. I have heard that F1 cars have reduced...
  21. D

    What kind of cars do you prefer?

    What kind of cars do you prefer? Ones that are European, Asian, or American? SUVs, Sedans, Sports cars or Vans?
  22. A

    The effect of mass on roller coaster cars

    For my science fair project, I am testing the effect of changes in mass on the time it takes a car to complete a roller coaster track. The track is made of hotwheels track and has an initial ramp, two turns and a loop. I used the same car both times (once without added weight and once with an...
  23. K

    Exploring Physics in Cars: From Air Friction to Safety Features

    I got to write a term project about "physics in Cars" I am a little bit short on material to write about I know that spoilers are about aerodynamics in cars plus there is air friction I know momentum is ýnvolved ýn safety(airbag safetybelt) and crashing I know frýctýon of the tires in...
  24. M

    Do Car Spoilers Prevent Vehicles from Taking Flight?

    firstly, i am not an enginneer or a physicist, so if i write something foolish, have that in mind. i have heard that the reason why some cars have spoilers is to counter the upward lift that the air gives to the underbody of the car as it accelerates forward. this stabilizes the car at high...
  25. B

    Aerodynamic design for cars

    What are all the advantages of good aerodynamic design and how can these be proved mathematically? For example what is the difference between a truck with a wind deflector and the same truck without the wind deflector?
  26. C

    Investigating Weight Distribution & Acceleration in Toy Cars

    I am doing a science experiment dealing with car physics. The experiment I am doing involves battery-powered toy cars approximately the size of a hand (four-wheel drive). I am not sure what effect the weight distribution has on the acceleration of the car. To be more specific, I am looking...
  27. Greg Bernhardt

    Buying Used Cars: Share Your Experiences & Tips

    Anyone here buy a used cars before? If so what was your experience like and can you give us some tips.
  28. A

    How Does Traction Control Make F1 Cars Harder to Drive?

    Been brought to my attention in another topic, so just how is it that technologies suck as traction control make a formula 1 car harder to drive? This is directed at Mr Robin Parsons, but obviously anyone can join in.
  29. N

    Relative velocity of two cars

    How long does it take an automobile traveling in the left lane at 60.0 km/hr to pull along side a car traveling in the right lane at 40.0 km/hr if the cars' front bumpers are initially 100 m apart? I know the velocity of the car in the left is 60 and the velocity of the car on the right is...
  30. R

    Cars: Weight Transfer & Body Roll

    As I've learned from the "Physics of Racing" series by Brian Beckman, weight transfer of a car during braking can be determined by the acceleration, height of the car's center of gravity, length of the car's wheelbase, and weight of the entire car. Now I realize that changing the spring rates...
  31. E

    Solving Physics Problems: Sleds, Trucks, Bullets & Cars

    1. A 16-kg sled is being pulled along the horizontal snow-covered ground by a horizontal force of 24 N. Starting from rest, the sled attains a speed of 2 m/s in 8 m. Find the coefficient of kinetic friction between the runners of the sled and the snow. 2. A dump truck of 2500 kg is being...
  32. Ivan Seeking

    Is the UK Government Planning to Microchip Cars for Surveillance?

    http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3178579.stm
  33. brum

    Cars powered by compressed air

    http://auto.howstuffworks.com/air-car.htm
  34. G

    Number of new cars purchased in a city can be modeled by the equation

    Help ASAP please! Can someone please show me how to do the 2 problems below? I really don't know how...Thanks 1)The number of new cars purchased in a city can be modeled by the equation C=22t^2+17tt+9933, where C is the number of new cars and t=0 corresponds to the number of new cars...
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