What is Cars: Definition and 434 Discussions

A car (or automobile) is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transportation. Most definitions of cars say that they run primarily on roads, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport people rather than goods.Cars came into global use during the 20th century, and developed economies depend on them. The year 1886 is regarded as the birth year of the modern car when German inventor Karl Benz patented his Benz Patent-Motorwagen. Cars became widely available in the early 20th century. One of the first cars accessible to the masses was the 1908 Model T, an American car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company. Cars were rapidly adopted in the US, where they replaced animal-drawn carriages and carts, but took much longer to be accepted in Western Europe and other parts of the world.Cars have controls for driving, parking, passenger comfort, and a variety of lights. Over the decades, additional features and controls have been added to vehicles, making them progressively more complex, but also more reliable and easier to operate. These include rear-reversing cameras, air conditioning, navigation systems, and in-car entertainment. Most cars in use in the early 2020s are propelled by an internal combustion engine, fueled by the combustion of fossil fuels. Electric cars, which were invented early in the history of the car, became commercially available in the 2000s and are predicted to cost less to buy than gasoline cars before 2025. The transition from fossil fuels to electric cars features prominently in most climate change mitigation scenarios, such as Project Drawdown's 100 actionable solutions for climate change.There are costs and benefits to car use. The costs to the individual include acquiring the vehicle, interest payments (if the car is financed), repairs and maintenance, fuel, depreciation, driving time, parking fees, taxes, and insurance. The costs to society include maintaining roads, land use, road congestion, air pollution, public health, healthcare, and disposing of the vehicle at the end of its life. Traffic collisions are the largest cause of injury-related deaths worldwide.Personal benefits include on-demand transportation, mobility, independence, and convenience. Societal benefits include economic benefits, such as job and wealth creation from the automotive industry, transportation provision, societal well-being from leisure and travel opportunities, and revenue generation from taxes. People's ability to move flexibly from place to place has far-reaching implications for the nature of societies. There are around 1 billion cars in use worldwide. Car usage is increasing rapidly, especially in China, India and other newly industrialized countries.

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  1. T

    Friction & Cars: Understand Acceleration, Constant Velocity & Brakes

    I can understand that friction is responsible for the acceleration of a car. As the tires turn they push back on the road and the horizontal component of the contact force(ie friction) opposes the motion of the tires and push in the forward direction, making the car move. 1) Which type of...
  2. Lana Elcic

    How many seconds will it take before the cars meet?

    Homework Statement Two cars are initially 17.50 km apart on a straight road. If the cars are moving toward each other, car 1 with a speed of 7.50 m/s and car 2 with a speed of 10.40 m/s, how many seconds will it take before the cars meet? Round your answer to three significant figures...
  3. M

    Automotive Why cant oxygen be used as fuel for cars?

    its is fuel efficient and pollution free
  4. A1337STI

    Is a heat vs Mu chart Misleading? What factors into Mu? (brake pads)

    So I was trying to understand some Mu charts of Brake pads for cars. I thought that Mu was basically a "calculated, or measured constant " which could be used to compare friction between 2 materials. like a solid iron Rotor, and a brake pad. I was thinking that a simple chart that shows...
  5. person_random_normal

    Engines in Cars: Exploring the Carnot Cycle

    are engines in our cars follow the carnot cycle or they work differently
  6. A

    Do carburetor cars need oxygen sensor ?

    Hi all, I just hear from a friend that in carburetored cars there are still O2 sensors (not all cars). I not sure the purpose of O2 sensor in this case. Could anyone help ? Thanks
  7. HyperTechno

    Automotive Hybrid Cars with the engine as the generator

    We know that electric motors are very powerful(hp and torque) and efficient than all the combustion engines. There are lots of advantages of electric motors to be used to propel vehicles as you can have the same maximum torque at any speed, very high pickup, high top speed as well as no need of...
  8. RadPhi

    How do speed laser guns differentiate between two cars?

    If two cars are traveling either in parallel or in close succession to one another how can a laser determine which car it is gauging the speed of?
  9. Drakkith

    Position at Which 2 Cars Pass Each Other

    Homework Statement Anna is driving from Champaign to Indianapolis on I-74. She passes the Prospect Ave. exit at noon and maintains a constant speed of 75 mph for the entire trip. Chuck is driving in the opposite direction. He passes the Brownsburg, IN exit at 12:30pm and maintains a constant...
  10. D

    Two cars turning into a corner.

    Okay so my friends and I had a debate on a topic which was regarding the cornering of the car. So the situation is this The two cars are the same, and the corner they turn into is the same. Considering that the two cars follow the same line in taking the turn, which car would come out in a...
  11. CleverBigIdeas

    Automotive Race Car Safety: Protecting the Driver's Waist Down Area

    I have been thinking about racecar safety, specifically protecting the driver's waist down area. I was thinking of a transmission tunnel, firewall area, and floor board (just by pedals) Here's The Idea: What if I used a Carbon Fibre/ Kevlar weave to be flexable into the position you want then...
  12. Mantikore

    Rolling resistance, tire tolerance, gas mileage

    A question in regards to rolling resistance. Am I wrong in thinking that not everything you hit on the road with your tire effects your gas mileage? Don't tires have a tolerance in terms of how much energy they can absorb before it effects your traction, therefore effecting your gas mileage...
  13. copypacer

    How Did John Massis Move Two Railroad Cars with His Teeth?

    Homework Statement In April 1974, John Massis of Belgium managed to move two passenger railroad cars. He did so by clamping his teeth down on a bit that was attached to the cars with a rope and then leaning backward while pressing his feet against the railway ties. The cars together weighed 700...
  14. Chris T.

    Relative motion of two cars (velocity and acceleration)

    Homework Statement Cars A and B are traveling on adjacent roads. Car A travels at a speed of 70 mi/h in the positive y direction, and its acceleration is zero. Car B travels along a circular path of radius 0.7 mi, and has a velocity of 50 mi/h at an angle of 30 degrees right of vertical. Car...
  15. personage

    Car Wing Design for Downforce: Efficiency Explored

    Hi everyone, Just out of curiosity, Will this car wing design be effective in generating downforce? I've done some research and read that downforce is essentially the opposite of lift, so a design of an upside down airplane wing would be effective in producing a downforce - yet this car wing...
  16. E

    Automotive Exploring Simple Front Wing Designs for Single-Seater Cars

    Hi to all the members, I have to consider the front wing car of a single-seater car and then optemize it. I want to consider a simple front wing not like those of F1 because they are too complicate to analyze. I want to consider a simple one (biplane) with not strong variation of curvature. Can...
  17. C

    Efficient, carbon neutral fuel for cars

    Assuming that a carbon neutral fuel for cars has to be used, what would be most practical and efficient? (Assumption: there is electricity from hydropower/nuclear or possibility to grow plants for biofuels) 1) Hydrogen from water hydrolysis? (If I get it right, production is simple but the...
  18. JamesB93

    Dynamics assignment, power output of car

    I'm currently studying Mechanical Engineering at Level 3 in the UK and I'm beginning my integrated masters in September. I've missed a large chunk of my studies this year due to a broken collarbone I sustained earlier in the year. Instead of getting any special dispensation I'm trying to work my...
  19. RioAlvarado

    Collision with two cars (momentum and impulse)

    Homework Statement [/B] Two cars are approaching a perpendicular intersection without a stop sign. Car 1 has a mass ## m_1 = 900 kg ## and is heading north at ##v_1 = 25 m/s ##. Car 2 has mass ##m_2 = 700 kg ## and is heading west at an unknown speed ##v_2##. The two cars collide at the...
  20. R

    Piezoelectricity from wind on cars

    Would it be possible to put piezoelectric devices on the front of a car so that when the car is moving forward, the pressure from the wind on the car and piezo devices produces power to charge a battery? If the wind is strong enough, do you think there would be a considerable amount of energy...
  21. C

    Will cars with different mass make a loop in a tunnel with same given velocity?

    me and my colleague watched Mercedes Benz commercial where its sports car accelerated, went in a tunnel, and made a complete loop around the tunnel by going up against the wall. Now, the debate was on whether a car can manage to make a loop in a same tunnel with same given velocity entering the...
  22. J

    Two Cars Coming to Rest on an Incline

    Homework Statement A car weighing 1940lb has lost its brakes and is unable to come to a stop. A police cruiser of 3900lb gets ahead of it so that the two cars are now bumper to bumper. The combined cars are now traveling at 60mph down a 15 degree grade slope. If the police cruiser can normally...
  23. A

    How long will it take cars to overtake?

    Homework Statement A car starts from rest and accelerates uniformly at 3.0 m/s2. A second car starts from rest 6.0 s later at the same point and accelerates uniformly at 5.0 m/s2. How long does it take the second car to overtake the first car? Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution So let...
  24. H

    Batteries in solar-powered cars

    How can the batteries used in solar-powered cars be different from the normal ones used in combustion cars? Also, do both of them involve electrolysis to convert chemical to electrical energy?
  25. S

    Radar systems in cars - health hazard?

    Many modern cars now employ radar systems for intelligent cruise control as well as blind spot monitoring. Can the radar waves that are reflected back to the vehicle for these applications pose a health hazard to the vehicle occupants?
  26. Adjoint

    Two moving cars (Kinematics problem)

    Homework Statement Two cars, A and B are traveling in same direction with velocities vA and vB. When car A is distance d behind car B, the breaks on A are applied, causing a deceleration a. Show that to prevent a collision between A and B, it is necessary that, vA - vB < \sqrt{2ad} Homework...
  27. Adjoint

    Shortest distance between two cars

    Homework Statement Two straight roads, which are perpendicular to each other, cross at point O. Suppose a car is at distance 250m from the origin on one road, and another car is at distance 350m from the origin on another road. Both cars are approaching towards the origin. The...
  28. U

    MHB Poisson Process - Number of cars that a petrol station can service

    Question: A single-pump petrol station is running low on petrol. The total volume of petrol remaining for sale is 100 litres. Suppose cars arrive to the station according to a Poisson process with rate \lambda, and that each car fills independently of all other cars and of the arrival...
  29. K

    Two cars collide and fuse together

    Homework Statement Car= 25m/s on x-axis and truck= 20m/s on y-axis Car is 1250 kg truck is 1900kg They collide and fuse together and the combined wreckage slides of the road. With final velocity Vf and at angle ° with respect to x-axis . there are no external forces acting for The...
  30. T

    Calculate Car Deceleration and Stopping Distance | Cars Slam on Brakes

    Homework Statement Car 1 travels 50km/hr Car 2 travels 100km/hr The Cars are 45m apart Car 1 slams on brakes and stops in 8m a) Calculate deceleration of Car 1? (Car 1 has the same deceleration as Car 2) b) Use deceleration to find the distance it took Car2 to stop? c) Did the...
  31. P

    Calculating Impact Force and Distance Traveled in Two Car Collision

    Homework Statement Two cars are in opposite to each other. First car is 1000kg, second car is 2000kg. First car moves towards the second one with a velocity of ( neglect friction between the car's wheels and the asphalt ): a) 30 km/h b) 40 km/h c) 50 km/h Second car stands still until...
  32. W

    How Can a Beginner Learn About Car Mechanics and Design?

    One of my goals in life is to design a car completely from scratch. There is still some time before I am able to realize that dream as I am only in my second year of mechanical engineering. But I thought I might get a head start on some of the basics. Can you guys recommend me some good books or...
  33. G

    Does Engine Placement Affect a Car's Turning Radius?

    How do you get car to have a small turning radius? It should seem that putting center of mass to be in the center of the car is a good start, but is this true? Assuming that the engine is the heaviest part of the car, then should the engine be in the middle of the car? Do large buses have...
  34. C

    Dynamics- collision of cars problem

    The problem is like this Assume both cars A and B are intially traveling to the right at 98 ft/s. Car A is tailgating leaving very little room between car A and car B. At that instant driver of car B notices a n accident and starts to break witha deceleration of 2o ft/s^2. By the time the...
  35. marellasunny

    Did hydrogren ICE cars not stall easily?

    First,this is what I understood from theory: If I understood the concept of 'engine stall' correctly,it occurs as a result of the engine not having enough time to adjust for a increased load. As a practical example of engine stall,I consider the instance of 'letting go of the clutch pedal'...
  36. V

    3 Cars Meets Newtons Second Law

    This is not a homework problem - I am trying to understand the physics of something that happened to me. Scenario: two cars are stopped at a red light. Car #1 in front, and behind it is car #2. Car #3 comes up from behind, does not stop, and hits car 2, and car 2 in turn hits car 1. I am...
  37. J

    Conservation of Momentum Flat cars

    Homework Statement There are 4 railway flat cars each of mass M traveling with speed v. They're not attached but move together initially without friction. A man of mass m starts at the end and jumps onto the second car, then to the third, and then on to the fourth.When he lands on the 4th it...
  38. S

    Driverless cars and urban sprawl

    For years urban planners and others have criticized the massive flight to the suburbs that have contributed to the decay of some cities and consumed vast amounts of agricultural land. Urban sprawl has led to long commutes, and near total dependence on automobiles at the expense of more efficient...
  39. G

    Kinematics: when will the two cars meet?

    Homework Statement Two cars start from rest and travel in opposite directions. Car A travels at 6m/s^2 to a maximum of 30m/s. Car B travels 5m/s^2 to maximum of 35m/s. 200m between them. When will they meet? Homework Equations d=vt d=vit + 1/2 at2 The Attempt at a Solution at 6...
  40. smokingwheels

    Involves Slot Cars , Transformers and 2 cars on each track

    I had a new slot car race track with step down transformer given to me by my Grand Parents for a birthday present. One thing I did notice, is the car with the lowest internal resistance motor used to go faster, well that's what my Dad told me at the time. I found this to be very true on a...
  41. K

    Caster angle in bikes / cars - Why do we need?

    Hi, What is the purpose of having a caster angle / "trainling" in a bicycle or bike? Many websites say it is for stability. But how does this angle improve the stability? What if I have my front fork perperndicular to the ground? What and why are the consequences occur? Thanks.
  42. A

    Selection of batteries and cars for a thermodynamics problem

    Homework Statement 1) You are responsible for selecting automobiles that will be used in your company’s fleet. The vehicle that you select has the following combined wind drag and rolling friction force during average operation conditions. The relationship for this force is Ff = (0.0214m +...
  43. N

    Induction Problem Related to Cars

    Induction Problem Related to Cars... Homework Statement A small electric car overcomes a 260N friction force when traveling 23km/h . The electric motor is powered by ten 12-V batteries connected in series and is coupled directly to the wheels whose diameters are 57cm . The 240 armature...
  44. R

    Instant Torque (Electric Cars vs. Gas/Diesel Cars)

    So I hear a lot about how electric cars are great because electric motors get instant max torque at 0 RPM. However, can't the same be done with an internal combustion engine if you have a clutch?
  45. C

    Exploring Air Shocks: Spring & Dampers in Cars

    Hi, I see people using air shocks (eg. Fox float, etc) in cars, which function as a spring as well as a damper. The point I do not understand is, how do they function as both a spring and a damper? Correct me if I am wrong, but isn't the spring he thing that absorbs the energy from let's say...
  46. D

    Why not use turbine engines in cars?

    Thank you for reading. Turbine engines have been used earlier by Chrysler. If throttle response is a reason they aren't prevalent there are many ways to reduce it. If I am not wrong, the compressor can have variable geometry vanes(similar to VGTs) and thereby reduce lag. I learned that it...
  47. V

    How bright is the future of Maglev Cars?

    Hey guys, I made a topic similar to this earlier, but after I was informed that my ideas has several flaws that would prevent it from working, I revised it and researched more about my topic. This is my original idea with several concepts that has changed. I am planning on making a mini-model...
  48. C

    How to adjust cars diagonal weight without scales?

    hellow everyone, this is not a homework but a real life problem this is the weight distribution of my car , on 4 tires http://i1328.photobucket.com/albums/w527/chkhikvishvili/20130611_112304_zps58a4ee33.jpg it is very important to make the diagonal weights the same, so I want to rise...
  49. K

    Crumple zone in cars and ways to measure its effectiveness

    Homework Statement I am trying to prove the efficiency of crumple zone in a presentation, but I think that I'm am doing something wrong. Basically I'm a grade 12 physics student, and I am suppose to present crumple zone. I understand that we need to impulse and momentum in here, and I tried...
  50. JimiJams

    Why an electric motor is used in hybrid cars

    I've been wondering about hybrid car technology lately and I'll start with just the most basic question to try and gain some clarity. I'll ask more specific questions if they come to mind after someone explains this first question. So, I was wondering why an electric motor is used in hybrid...
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