What is Column: Definition and 333 Discussions

A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below. In other words, a column is a compression member. The term column applies especially to a large round support (the shaft of the column) with a capital and a base or pedestal, which is made of stone, or appearing to be so. A small wooden or metal support is typically called a post, and supports with a rectangular or other non-round section are usually called piers.
For the purpose of wind or earthquake engineering, columns may be designed to resist lateral forces. Other compression members are often termed "columns" because of the similar stress conditions. Columns are frequently used to support beams or arches on which the upper parts of walls or ceilings rest. In architecture, "column" refers to such a structural element that also has certain proportional and decorative features. A column might also be a decorative element not needed for structural purposes; many columns are engaged, that is to say form part of a wall. A long sequence of columns joined by an entablature is known as a colonnade.

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  1. anemone

    MHB Find the number of line and column where the number 2002 stays.

    Positive real numbers are arranged in the form: 1 \;\;\; 3 \;\;\; 6 \;\;\;10 \;\;\; \cdots 2 \;\;\;5 \;\;\;9 \;\;\; \cdots 4 \;\;\;8 \;\;\; \cdots 7 \;\;\; \cdots Find the number of the line and column where the number 2002 stays.
  2. A

    Force on air column in a solar updraft tower

    Homework Statement For a solar tower compare the total force on the air column in the tower (i) by calculating the pressure at its bottom and top (ii) from Archimedes’ Law. Hint: there is a temperature difference between top and bottom of the tower. I have to estimate height...
  3. A

    Fortran Using FORTRAN to Read & Output Text Data in Column & Row Format

    Hey I have a text file with 2 blocks of Data Example Numbers 1: 1,2,3,4,5,6 7,8,9,10,11 ... Numbers 2: 92,93,94,95,96 97,98,99,100,101 ... How would i use FORTRAN to read the text file and output in a column and row format.. Example 1 92 2...
  4. L

    Column Space of Matrix A and ref(A)

    Homework Statement Given a matrix A. So I can reduce A to ref(A). Let's say in ref(A), the columns that contain leading ones are column 1, 3, and 5. True or false: (a) Columns 1, 3, and 5 from ref(A) form the column space of ref(A). (b) The corresponding column 1, 3, and 5 from the original...
  5. I

    How do i find the missing column of a matrix given the full RREF form?

    Homework Statement I'm given a 4x5 matrix with one missing column. I'm also given the RREF form with no missing columns. Previous parts of the question made me find the row, column, and null basis for the matrix. Now it's asking: d) Find the missing column. (Hint: Are the columns of...
  6. T

    Eigenvectors and eigenvalues - how to find the column vector

    Hi We have a matrix A (picture), the eigenvalues are λ1 = 4 and λ2 = 1 and the eigenvectors are λ1 : t(1,0,1) λ2 : t1(1,0,2) + t2(0,1,0) I have to examine if there's a column vector v that satifies : A*v = 2 v I would say no there doesn't exist such a column vector v because 2 isn't an...
  7. P

    Projectiles why the person multiplied the column vector OB by h?

    Question 7c on attached, in the solutions could someone explain why the person multiplied the column vector OB by h? I don't get it
  8. S

    MHB Row Space, Column Space and Null Space

    1.Construct a matrix whose null space consists of all linear combination of the vectors, v1={1;-1;3;2} and v2={2,0,-2,4} (v1,v2 are column vector).2.The equation x1+x2+x3=1 can be viewed as a linear system of one equation in three unknowns. Express its general solution as a particular solution...
  9. B

    Why Does b Belong to R^m?: Exploring the Column Ax=b Theorem

    In this theorem it states " Let A be a m x n matrix. That is For each vector b in R^m, the column Ax=b has a solution..." Why do they say that bεR^m? Is that because b is a mx1 column matrix where it has m rows making it belong to R^m?
  10. A

    Water column displacement physics?

    Hi, in this setup we have a bucket of water 10 kgs of water inside. Attached is a weight meter measuring that in fig a. The weight is exactly 10kgs. In fig b. A piston (red) is being pulled by a weight (z). "z" has a pull force equivalent to the volume of the column of water above the piston...
  11. B

    What is the mistake in my calculation for the weight of a tapered column?

    Homework Statement Folks, Ask to calculate the weight ##W(x)## of this tapered column at a distance x from the top as shown in the sketch. Homework Equations Given: A trapezoid of bottom base 1.5m, top is 0.5m, length is 0.5m and height 2m. Specific weight is 25kN/m^3 Area of trapezoid...
  12. R

    PHP Advice on how to set column widths in php

    Postby Robbie8 » Mon Sep 03, 2012 7:44 pm Hi, I am using a php view to show a table of all the entrants in my projects with their number, name, rounds and points. I have two projects Project One and Two which have their results displayed in tables. The width of the columns for the values in...
  13. S

    Which HPLC Column is Best for Separating Enantiomer Proteins?

    Hi, first off all, I know this isn´t the best forum for my questions about HPLC columns, but unfortunately on other forums either people don´t answer or don´t know what they are talking about. So here my question: I have to separate enantiomer proteins with HPLC columns. I read it is import...
  14. L

    Buoyancy/Gravity Concept - How to insert buoyant weight into water column?

    Hello all, I devised a concept a couple years ago for renewable energy and hit a stumbling block: How do you insert a buoyant object into the bottom of a water column with the smallest amount of energy? Recently I revisited the concept and found some similar work online including this...
  15. F

    Should be easy question on column space of a matrix

    Homework Statement So the actual problem "Find the value of a for which the following system of linear equations has a solution" 2x + 4y + z = a -4x -7y + 0 = 1 0 -1y -2z = 1 Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I thought one approach was to find a basis for the...
  16. T

    Sound waves through air column

    hello guys, I'm having problems understanding why if we were to have a tuning fork that vibrates at a particular natural frequency, it will resonate at many different lengths of air column (which means different natural frequency of air column). Does this mean that the natural frequency of the...
  17. S

    Stiffness of column when fixed versus pin fixed

    Guys when i study earthquake , they told me that the column stiffness is 12EI/L3 if column is fixed -fixed and 3EI/L3 if column is pin -fixed, so how they get this, i try to study stiffness Matrix and it gives you big matrix for frames not Only one factor like 12EI/L3 please explain
  18. M

    Length of the column where buckling is likely to occur

    Homework Statement i am struggling with a question i have.. i can't find the right equation to use to find what the minimum length of the column at which buckling is likely to occur?? can anyone offer any help with this as my lesson books show me nothing on how you find length? i have D=80mm...
  19. 6

    Simple Excel VBA problem; Applying a formula to a column if it contains a number

    Hello, I have a relatively simple problem, You have two columns filled with numbers. I want my macro to go through and check the columns or one of the colums to see if it has a number in it, then operate on those numbers and display an output in a third column . I tried this; Sub...
  20. V

    Column picture for representing a system of equations

    I've been dabbling with linear algebra lately and on the MIT OCW course for linear algebra, the professor talks about a column representation of a system of linear equations. For example, you teaches you to represent a 2x + 3y = 4 5x + 7y = 9 as a x [\stackrel{2}{5}] + y...
  21. R

    Beam depth or column size factor in loading

    I just want to know the relationship between beam depth and column size. I know there is a relationship. But in uniform loading, do they increase beam depth or column size? or rather.. would increasing beam depth and keeping column constant be able to handle more load? or should the beam depth...
  22. F

    Analytical Solution for Lower Triangular Matrix w/ Non-Zero Nth Column

    Hi folks, is there an analytical solution for the determinant of the following matrix: - - | A B | | C d | - - where A is a n-1 x n-1 lower triangular matrix and B and C are n-1x1 and 1xn-1 matrices and d is a non-zero number.
  23. T

    Can linear algebra convert the minimum column vector in a matrix?

    I'm doing a particular form of regression that gives a eigenvector and matrix for the solution. I'm using two matrix libraries to code the solution. One library yields the minimum column vector in each column. The other does not, is there a method in linear algebra to convert the eigenmatrix...
  24. S

    Braced column under compressive load

    Homework Statement Homework Equations P = EI pi^2 / Leff radius of gyration: SQRT (I/A), slenderness ratio: Leff/r The Attempt at a Solution So I've found Ixx = 240.81 x 10^6 mm^4, Iyy = 71.9 x 10^6 A = 9600 finding the radiuses of gyration rx = 158.38, ry = 86.54 effective length of...
  25. A

    Finding basis of a column space/row space

    I was wondering whether we can use row as well as column operations to reduce a matrix to find column space? Or do we only have to perform row operations to reduce matrix in case of row space and column operations to find column space?
  26. srfriggen

    Are There Relationships Between the Column Vectors of a Matrix and Its Inverse?

    Are there any special relationships between the column vectors of a matrix and the corresponding column vectors of its inverse?
  27. N

    A quick Pivot column question

    Matrix: Ã= 1 -2 0 0 3 2 -5 -3 -2 6 0 5 15 10 0 2 6 18 8 6 Matrix on reduced echelon form: 1 0 0 -2 3 0 1 0 -1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 0 0 -2 3 0 X 0 -1 0 0 0 X 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Are the pivot positions the ones I've marked with X? And therefor colum 1, 2 and 3 are pivot columns...
  28. E

    Concrete column and ultimate compressive stength

    Homework Statement a concrete column, 4.5m long, is reinforced with steel bars and carries a compressive load of 58 tonnes. The overall cross-sectional area of the column is 0.1m squared and the steel reinforcement accounts for 5 percent of this area. take young's modulus for steel as 200 GN/m...
  29. J

    MATLAB Matlab redundancies in a two column vector

    Hello I am new to MATLAB and I am trying to perform the task of removing redundancies from a two column vector. One column holds the indices, the other column holds the values. I don't know how to remove the redundant values! Any ideas? I have hear that Unique works, but I have the feeling...
  30. Y

    Relationship between eigenspace and column space

    Is it true that if an n by n matrix A has n-linearly independent eigenvectors, then it must also be invertible because these n-eigenvectors span n-space. But does this reasoning work the other way around: that is if A is invertible, does that imply n-linearly independent eigenvectors can be...
  31. srfriggen

    Relationship between column space of a matrix and rref of matrix

    Hello, Does the column space of a matrix A always equal the column space of the rref(A)? i.e. are the solution sets to Ax=b, or even Ax=0 the same for A and rref(A)? When doing some examples of matrices that had some linearly independent columns it seemed the Span was preserved by row...
  32. K

    Row Vectors vs. Column Vectors - What's the difference?

    That’s an old time question that it’s still a mistery to me. It’s a lot of time that I am trying to find an answer, but no text is clear on the topic and I am basically self-taught. What’s the difference between row vectors and column vectors? I came to this question when I found that the...
  33. R

    Gas liquid contact in stripping column

    \frac{x[Ain]-x[Aout][/SUB][/SUB]}{x[Ain]-x[out][/SUB][/SUB]}=\frac{\sum s^{K}-1}{\sum s^K} (1) for k = 0 to n Final result...
  34. D

    Effective length of steel column

    http://img268.imageshack.us/img268/4821/98922663.jpg Uploaded with ImageShack.us Effective length: x-x axis = 1 x 6500mm y-y axis = 1 x 5000mm do i have the right effective length?
  35. AakashPandita

    Weight of a body in a water column

    The weight of a body is less when it is submerged in water, due to the upthrust. But the weight of the water column above the body can be far more than the upthrust(weight of the displaced water). So is it not that the weight of a body can increase when it is submerged in water?
  36. T

    Linear independence if there is a column of zeros

    Homework Statement If, in a matrix, there is a column of all zeros, does this mean the given vector/matrix is linearly dependent? An example would be: [1 2 0 4] [2 3 0 1] [5 2 0 7] A few questions to clear up some possible misconceptions: 1) The matrix above is a 4-dimensional vector...
  37. O

    Find Air Temperature in a 25.3cm Air Column with 1024Hz Frequency

    Homework Statement An air column is closed at on end, with a length of 25.3cm, resonates in the first overtone. If the frequency of the sound wave is 1024Hz, find the air tempature inside the column. Homework Equations v=f(wavelength) v= 332 + v/v+-vs The Attempt at a Solution
  38. G

    Column Pressure and conservation of energy

    Mwater g(H+h) If you have a column of water 100 meters tall (10 atm) and you insert an object in at the bottom of the column you have to use enough energy to displace the volume of the object. The pressure times the volume is your energy requirement: correct? But suppose you were able to...
  39. C

    Column buckling answer confirmation

    https://www.physicsforums.com/attachments/42439 What is the minimum length of the column at which buckling is likely to occur? The buckling equation is: F= ((∏^2)*E*I)/(K*L)^2 E is the modulus, I is the area moment of inertia, K is the buckling coefficient, and L is the length of...
  40. D

    Leaning Column Free Body Diagram

    This is a self-study homework problem. I am trying to verify the "falling column physics" associated with leaning forward with our center of mass in front of our feet. Homework Statement Describe the free body diagram for a column (tree, pencil, person) leaning from vertical. Assume there...
  41. B

    [Complex Analysis] Transform a column into a line

    [Complex Analysis] Conformal mapping of a column into a line Homework Statement I'm having a problem with this problem (:rofl:) where I have to transform an area of 2 circles, the one contained within the other, into a straight line. I've managed to transform the circles using a Möbius...
  42. Twinflower

    Finding RMS value of strange column function

    Homework Statement This is the given function: Homework Equations The RMS equation goes like this: \sqrt(\frac{\int(f(t)^2 dt)}{b - a}) The Attempt at a Solution The first part of the exercise was to find the mean value. This is A/4. The RMS value should be higher...
  43. D

    What is the square of a column vector?

    Homework Statement Hi, Is there a matrix property that can be applied to take the square of a column vector? Something like: {\bf x}=\left[x_1,x_2,x_3\right]^T \left[{\bf x}\right]^2 ={\bf x}{\bf x}^T or ={\bf x}^T{\bf x}? Thank you. Homework Equations The...
  44. E

    Column Chromatography ketone/silica

    I recently ran a baylis-hillman reaction of 2nitrobenzaldehyde and acrylonitrile (DABCO catalyst) and after my reaction had gone to completion (determined by tlc) i extracted with chloroform/washed with brine, dried, filtered, rotovaped etc etc I ran a crude NMR and determined I did have my...
  45. W

    Pressure diffence between water column in capillary tube and open vessel

    Homework Statement It is known that water in a capillary will rise to a certain height, as shown in the figure. Comparing the points P and Q, which point exhibit larger pressure? a. P b. Q c. The pressure of P and Q are the same Homework Equations F_upward=2*pi*R*T*cos⁡θ W=pi*R^2*...
  46. A

    EQUALITY OF ROW AND COLUMN RANK (O'Neil's proof) Is there smt wrong?

    EQUALITY OF ROW AND COLUMN RANK (o'Neil's proof) Is there smt wrong? http://www.mediafire.com/imageview.php?quickkey=znorkrmk3k1otjd&thumb=6 Theorem 7.9: EQUALITY OF ROW AND COLUMN RANK Proof: Page 210. It writes:... so the dimension of this column space is AT MOST r (equal to r if...
  47. N

    Nullspace, Column Space, and solution of system given only rref(A)

    Homework Statement Suppose a 3 x 5 matrix A has row-reduced echelon form: [[1 2 0 0 5] [0 0 1 0 4] [0 0 0 1 3]] a. Describe NS(A) b. Describe CS(A) c. Suppose . [[2] . [3] [[-2] A [5] = [4] = b . [1] [3]] . [9]] To be clear, that's the original matrix A times the...
  48. A

    Simple Beam , Gravity Wall And Column

    Homework Statement Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution Hi from Turkey...I really need to solve this 3 problem...I will enter exam whit same problems...I have some attempt but i really need to exatly result...Because our teacher doesn't give mark your solving way...So...
  49. K

    Boundary conditions for buckling of column

    For fixed-fixed BC's, i have to arrest x and y displ. For simply supported case, i have to arrest y displ. Then my doubt is, while applying force at the end of the column, how the displacement will happen for fixed-fixed column.
  50. J

    Column Space Problem: Obtain CS(B)

    Homework Statement Obtain the column space of the following matrix B = 2 -3 -1 2 -3 -1 -3 3 2 Homework Equations Linear independence test c1V1 + c2V2 + ... + cnVn = 0 c1=c2=...cn=0 The Attempt at a...
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