What is Column: Definition and 333 Discussions

A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below. In other words, a column is a compression member. The term column applies especially to a large round support (the shaft of the column) with a capital and a base or pedestal, which is made of stone, or appearing to be so. A small wooden or metal support is typically called a post, and supports with a rectangular or other non-round section are usually called piers.
For the purpose of wind or earthquake engineering, columns may be designed to resist lateral forces. Other compression members are often termed "columns" because of the similar stress conditions. Columns are frequently used to support beams or arches on which the upper parts of walls or ceilings rest. In architecture, "column" refers to such a structural element that also has certain proportional and decorative features. A column might also be a decorative element not needed for structural purposes; many columns are engaged, that is to say form part of a wall. A long sequence of columns joined by an entablature is known as a colonnade.

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  1. K

    Calculating Reaction Forces on an Angled Column

    Homework Statement The mass of the weight is 600[kG], the tension in the wire 3000[N]. what is the force of reaction at C Homework Equations Disassembling of forces using pitagoras formula The Attempt at a Solution The vertical reaction at C: $$3000\cdot \sin 53^0+5886=8282$$ In the book 8480
  2. Philosophaie

    Understanding VSOP87 Column Names: BDL File Structure & Explanation

    VSOP87 files In BDL server, we find one file per planet. Here is an extract of VSOP87 file (for Neptune, version A) : VSOP87 VERSION A1 NEPTUNE VARIABLE 1 (XYZ) *T**0 772 TERMS HELIOCENTRIC DYNAMICAL ECLIPTIC AND EQUINOX J2000 1810 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 -0.00682678287 30.05889926953...
  3. gfd43tg

    Theoretical number of plates for distillation column

    Homework Statement Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution With my solution, I think cold feed means ##q = \infty##, which is seen from my xy diagram. I have some issue understanding the statement "for each mole of feed 0.15 mol of vapor is condensed at the feed plate". I assumed that...
  4. fiddleback

    What does the sound coming from an open column look like?

    I believe I understand what happens inside an air column that is open at both ends when you cause a disruption such as blowing into it. But I am not sure what happens in the space between the air column and your ear. Please let me explain what my current understanding is and tell me if I'm...
  5. K

    Is the water pressure equal in a sealed column at the top and bottom?

    Is the water pressure equal in a sealed column at the top and bottom? If I created 1 bar of pressure would this also be equal at the top and bottom?
  6. L

    How does L from LU give us column space?

    I see that the pivots in columns 1 and 2 help us decide which columns to take. But why does the L matrix of this B = LU let just to read off the column space? 2:18
  7. A

    Rotation matrix multiplied by matrix of column vectors?

    Hey, let's say that in 2D space we have a 2x2 rotation matrix R. Normally you could multiply this rotation matrix by a 2x1 column matrix / vector X. In that case it would be XR to get the vector rotated in the way described by R. Now what I'm wondering is, what if I had 3 column vectors that I...
  8. N

    Find Roots of Function & Return Column Vector

    i need to create a function that returns the pure zeros on the left semiplane and 0 if there is one and only one zero in the origin of the referential. the return has to be in a column vector like [root1;root2;...;rootn;0] or [root1;root2;...;rootn] if there is no root in the origin of the...
  9. PsychonautQQ

    Question about row space basis and Column space basis

    Say a subspace S of R^3 is spanned by a basis = <(-1,2,5),(3,0,3),(5,1,8)> By putting these vectors into a matrix and reducing it to rref, a basis for the row space can be found as <(1,-2,-5),(0,1,3)>. Furthermore, the book goes on to say that this basis spans the subspace S. Cool, not...
  10. K

    Multiplication of an Identity Matrix by a Column

    Homework Statement [/B] This is a seemingly simple problem. All I have to do is multiply two matrices: [ 1 0 ] [ 0 1 ] (A) and [ 2 ] [ 3 ] (B) The Attempt at a Solution [/B] Because the matrix A has the same number of columns as matrix B has rows, and because matrix A is an identity matrix...
  11. T

    Proving vectors are in the column space

    How would you prove that adding two vectors in the column space would result in another vector in the column space? I know this is maybe the most basic property of vectors and subspaces, and that the very definition of the column space says it's spanned by vectors in the column space. Is there...
  12. PsychonautQQ

    Row and Column equivalent matrices

    Hey PF, I'm having trouble seeing the bigger picture here. Take matrix A and matrix B. If B can be obtained from A by elementary row operations then the two matrices are row equivalent. The only explanation my book gives is that since B was obtained by elementary row operations, (scalar...
  13. U

    Proving Determinant of Matrix Unchanged by Adding Columns

    Any1 can explain in an easy way?I know is something to do with the facts that row operations do not change the determinant of a matrix and also determinant of A=determinant of A transpose.But just dk how to prove in full sentence. Appreciate any1 help.
  14. B

    Conversion between density and column density

    What's the way to convert n(r) to \rho(r) in case of a spherical cloud. n(r) is the column density, \rho(r) is the density. I tried (but didn't manage) to get it from their relation to the total mass: M = 4 \pi \int r^2 \rho(r)dr = 2 \pi \int r n(r)dr (is it correct anyway?) Thank you,
  15. N

    Thermodynamics: Enthelpy and energy change of a column of air

    Homework Statement A column of dry air, of cross-sectional area 1m2, has a surface pressure of 1atm. Over the course of several hours during the day it gains 2MJ of energy from radiation and surface heating. There are no horizontal exchanges of energy of mass, and it remains in hydrostatic...
  16. Muthumanimaran

    Why is Understanding Column Space and Null Space Important in Linear Algebra?

    Why it is important to know about Column space and Null spaces in Linear Algebra?
  17. M

    Reinforce concrete column under biaxial bending

    I've made a program with Mathematica that will compute the load along with the moments sustained by a concrete column given the stress block area and orientation(in other word the neutral axis center location and the angle it makes with the horizontal). However I am facing an issue with setting...
  18. P

    Question on Energy conservation - Car pushing on air column

    Question on Energy conservation -- Car pushing on air column Homework Statement An automobile moving through the air causes the air velocity to decrease and fill a larger flow channel. An automobile has an effective flow channel area of 3 m^2. THe car is traveling at 90 k/h on a day when the...
  19. T

    Maximum allowable length for a column under a load (buckling question)

    Homework Statement Here is the problem with the solution: I feel like the solution should be 10.74m. The maximum allowable length should be the lower one. This is because, for example, if we make the column 11m in length. The Pcr in the zy plane would decrease and since we are applying...
  20. A

    MHB Understanding the Linear Independence of Columns in a 3x5 Matrix

    i thought if A is 3x5, the columns of A must be linearly dependent, since the rank is at most 3, and the rank is the number of linearly independent columns in A. but there are 5 columns in A, so the columns of A must be linearly dependent :/
  21. U

    Water Column Resonance Time Interval Calculation

    Homework Statement There is a cylindrical vessel of cross-sectional area 20cm^2 and length 1m is initially filled with water to a certain height as shown. There is a very small pinhole of cross-sectional area 0.01cm^2 at the bottom of the cylinder which is initially plugged with a pin cork...
  22. T

    Why is the natural frequency of a column at the buckling load?

    So apparently the natural frequency is zero for uniform column with axial load when P is equal to the critical buckling load. Could anyone please explain theoretically why this is the case.
  23. S

    How Does Changing Water Levels Affect Air Column Resonance and Harmonics?

    The apparatus looks like this (see attached): I understand that in order to resonane with the tuning fork the air inside the column must be vibrating at the same frequency as the fork. In addition, I understand that varying the amount of water in the tube increases or decreases the...
  24. T

    Linear Algebra - Basis of column space

    Homework Statement Let A be the matrix A = 1 −3 −1 2 0 1 −4 1 1 −4 5 1 2 −5 −6 5 (a) Find basis of the column space. Find the coordinates of the dependent columns relative to this basis. (b) What is the rank of A? (c) Use the calculations in part (a) to...
  25. S

    Calculating Average Oxygen Flux in Wetted-Wall Column

    Dear all, I am currently doing a lab question. I do not know how to solve a calculation question. Question: Calculate the average flux of the oxygen through the gas-liquid interface in the wetted-wall column. Remember that a more accurate value of the average flux can be calculated by...
  26. Quarlep

    Differences between row and column vectors

    I want to show a vector in matrix but I didnt uderstand differentes between row matrix and column matrix Let's suppose I have a 2i+3j How I will show this vector in matrix ? I will use a row matrix or column matrix.
  27. 4

    What is the Minimum Depth of Water for Standing Sound Waves in a Drinking Glass?

    Homework Statement We place a speaker near the top of a drinking glass. The speaker emits sound waves with a frequency of 3.75 kHz. The glass is 14.1 cm deep. As I pour water into the glass, I find that at certain levels the sound is enhanced due to the excitation of standing sound waves in...
  28. B

    MATLAB Matlab question: How to pick specific value from column vector

    Good afternoon, I have created a column vector with many values however I want to know a specific value found in that vector. Specifically I want to know the 99th value of my column vector. Is there a command I can enter into mat lab that will give me the value I seek without having to...
  29. H

    Waves and Sound - Air Column (Clarinet)

    Homework Statement A clarinet behaves as an air column that is open at one end. For a particular fingering, the length of this air column is 24.6 cm. At 20°C, this fingering sounds the pitch "F" which is 349.2 Hz. During a concert, the breath of the musician raises the bore temperature to...
  30. G

    MHB QR Decomposition and Full Column Rank of A

    Hey guys, I have a problem where I am supposed to prove that R is nonsingular iff A is of full column rank in a QR decomposition. I feel like I fully understand the two major processes for obtaining a QR decomposition (Gram-Schimdt and Householder Transformations), however, I am not entirely...
  31. S

    Fortran [fortran90] arrange value in row into column

    I have a data file, let's say test.dat which is contain [1 2 3 4 5 6 7...3000]. the question is how can I re-arrange this data from a row into a column so that I will have a set of data like this 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 . . . 3000 in fortran90 or MATLAB also will be okay. thank you
  32. S

    MHB Analysis. Fill in the F column values in the truth table for the circuit.

    Fill in the F column values in the truth table for the circuit. Need someone to check my work. My Answer: x y z | f | x! and y! | x! XOR z| 0 0 0| 0 | 1 | 1 0 0 1| 1 | 1 | 0 0 1 0| 1 | 0 | 1 0 1 1| 0 | 0 | 0 1 0 0| 0 | 0 | 0 1 0 1| 1 |...
  33. Gh778

    How does a bubble moving up in a water column affect the force on a table?

    On Earth. Theoretical study. With a perfect liquid (no viscosity). A bubble in a column of liquid is moving up, the column is on a table, I have some questions: 1/ the force on the table increase/decrease when bubble is moving up ? 2/ the center of gravity of {column+liquid} is always the same...
  34. P

    How much pressure is needed to lift water from 800 feet below ground?

    How to pull up the water which is 800 feet below the ground? How much amount of pressure to be applied ? Can we use P = dghReply me as early as possible?
  35. A

    MATLAB Excel date column export into Matlab

    Hi everybody, I need assistance. I have excel file that conntains a date column and another column. I wish to plot the date on x-axis and the second column on y axis. I wrote the MATLAB code below. This is my code. data=xlsread('DataTest','Sheet1'); q=data(:,2); time=data(:,1); Error...
  36. P

    Distillation column feed preheating

    Refer to the attached drawing for more details . In this distillation column acetone is to be separated from a mixed feed coming at ambient temperature. It is a packed column with mellapack packings. Steam is used in the reboiler (thermo syphon) for heating. Details of these streams are...
  37. D

    System of linear equation in term of column vector

    Hello! The following system of linear equations has been expressed in term of column vector in the following. . How can I express the system of linear equations in term of row vector? In addition, What is the field of scalars? I would request to explain it. Thanks in advance.
  38. D

    U=(3, 3 , 3) and column vector.

    If u=(3, 3 , 3) is a vector in R3 then we can draw the vector in a three dimensional space.(3=x coordinate, 3= y coordinate, 3= z coordinate.) if x = \begin{bmatrix} x_1 \\ x_2 \\ \vdots \\ x_m \end{bmatrix} is a column vector in Rm then how can we draw it? In addition we call X =...
  39. andyrk

    Resonance Experiment:-Air Tube Column

    We know that we get first resonance when the length of the air column is λ/4. We get second resonance when the length of the air column is 3λ/4. This is because we get a node at the surface of the water after λ/4 distance in the first case and 3λ/4 in the second case. My question is that what...
  40. L

    Poisson again - totally stumped as compressive column?

    Homework Statement Column supports a mass on its' top. So force is downwards. Column properties: Do = 50mm (outer dia) Di = 40mm (inner dia) E = 250 GNm^-2 (modulus of elasticity) V = 0.33 (Poissons ratio) Homework Equations Poissons ratio = Transverse strain = - εt / εl Transverse strain...
  41. T

    Linear Algebra: Basis vs basis of row space vs basis of column space

    In my linear algebra class we previously studied how to find a basis and I had no issues with that. Now we are studying the basis of a row space and basis of a column space and I'm struggling to understand the methods being used in the textbook. The textbook uses different methods to find these...
  42. Z

    Any one have a diagram of the idea column shape.

    It ran in Science News after much calculation the idea shape for a column to resist buckling was solved. It is a slight barrel shape.
  43. E

    LaTeX Draw an arrow that connect each column by the corresponding entry in LaTeX

    Hello, I have the following Latex code, and I need to draw an arrow that connect each column by the corresponding entry in the last (separated) row, e.g.: the column [x_0^{(1)} x_0^{(2)} ... x_0^{(M)}]^T with the entry x_0^{(R)} and so on. How can I do that? \documentclass{article}...
  44. T

    Calculating the height of the water column

    Homework Statement A solid cubical block with a side of 11.0 cm floats in mercury so that 5.48 cm of the side of the block is submerged in the mercury. Water is then poured on the system until the block floats completely submerged. calculate the height of the water column that was added. The...
  45. fluidistic

    Fortran Fortran, reading a particular column of a matrix, allocatable

    I have a program that makes a histogram from data taken in a file but it only works if the data is an array (nx1 matrix). I've downloaded a data file which is a 159663x12 matrix but only the 8th column contains numbers I'm interested it. The other columns contain either letters and/or numbers...
  46. G

    Dispersion relation in cylindrical plasma column

    Hi. is there anyone who is familiar with surface wave plasma discharges? I want to solve dispersion equation of surface waves in cylindrical plasma column,numerically,to obtain "phase diagram" and "attenuation diagram" from dispersion equation solving. But this dispersion equation include...
  47. A

    MHB Triangle two column proof question

    Hello! I got a problem wrong and I'm trying to figure out what happened. it's triangle ABC bisected by line BD Given line BD is the perpendicular bisector of line AC, Prove line BD bisects angle ABC I got Step 1 Line BD is the perpendicular bisector of line AC Reason: Given Step 2 Line D is...
  48. marcus

    Our ideas on v_rec/c column added to J's calculator

    Jorrie obviously doesn't have to adopt any of our suggestions in building his tabular (cosmic history) calculator. It's his project and he's doing all the work. But he's said in several threads that he would like reactions/suggestions from us (and he may have used them in some cases.) Maybe...
  49. T

    Density Column, Need Polar/Nonpolar Examples

    I'm trying to devise an experiment. If you've never seen a multi-layer density column, check out this link: http://www.stevespanglerscience.com/experiment/seven-layer-density-column I would like to make a density column, similar to this one, with one notable exception. The order of the...
  50. C

    IPA and EtOH Spearation via Distilation Column

    Hi, So I am wondering if anyone would have any ideas on to how to maximize the most of my data collection efforts into characterizing a distillation column that we are using in my senior design course to separate a mixture of IPA and EtOH. The column contains sieve trays, with 5 of them...
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