What is Column: Definition and 333 Discussions

A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below. In other words, a column is a compression member. The term column applies especially to a large round support (the shaft of the column) with a capital and a base or pedestal, which is made of stone, or appearing to be so. A small wooden or metal support is typically called a post, and supports with a rectangular or other non-round section are usually called piers.
For the purpose of wind or earthquake engineering, columns may be designed to resist lateral forces. Other compression members are often termed "columns" because of the similar stress conditions. Columns are frequently used to support beams or arches on which the upper parts of walls or ceilings rest. In architecture, "column" refers to such a structural element that also has certain proportional and decorative features. A column might also be a decorative element not needed for structural purposes; many columns are engaged, that is to say form part of a wall. A long sequence of columns joined by an entablature is known as a colonnade.

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  1. S

    Designing a Distillation Column

    If you were to design a distil col and didn't know the feed conditions how would you go about starting. You know xd, xb, xf, R, Eq data. Theres 5 potential q's. Also how would u make enthpy diagram for PS. Thanks.
  2. K

    Rank, Dimension, Subsapce, Column Space

    1) True or False? If true, prove it. If false, prove that it is false or give a counterexample. 1a) If A is m x n, then A and (A^T)(A) have the same rank. 1b) Let A be m x n and X E R^n. If X E null [(A^T)(A)], then AX is in both col(A) and null(A^T). [I believe it's true that AX is in...
  3. tandoorichicken

    Pressure in a column of water

    Homework Statement I feel like I'm doing something seriously wrong here.:uhh: How tall must a column of water be to generate a pressure of 100mmHg? Homework Equations P = pgh, I think, is the only necessary equation. The Attempt at a Solution So... 100mmHg = 1 kg/m3 * 9.81 m/s2...
  4. E

    Finding Orthonormal Set q1, q2, q3 for Column Space of A

    I just need a hint. Problem: find an orthonormal set q1, q2, q3 for which q1, q2 span the column space of A, where A = [1 1] [2 -1] [-2 4] of course I should apply the Gram-Schmidt method, but the problem is that the column vectors are not independent and Gram-Schmidt starts with...
  5. C

    What Is the End Correction in Resonance Column Experiments?

    Homework Statement In the experiment of the determination of the speed of sound in air using the resonance column method the length of the air column that resonantes in the fundamental mode with a tuning fork is 0.1m. When this length is changed to 0.35m, the same tuning fork resonates with...
  6. C

    Sizing a Packed Column with Molecular Sieves

    How do you size a packed column with molecular sieves?:confused: Thanks.
  7. M

    Calculating Weight of Concrete Column

    A concrete column has a diameter of 350mm and a length of 2m. If the density (mass/volume) of concrete is 2.45\frac{Mg}{m^3}. determine the weight of the column in pounds The answer to this problem is given as 1.04 kip not pounds like the question ask for, but that is not my problem. This...
  8. S

    Finding the Length of a Resonating Air Column

    Homework Statement What is the shortest air column, closed at one end, that will resonate at a frequency of 440Hz, when the speed of sound of 352m/s Homework Equations the patterns The Attempt at a Solution ive tried
  9. V

    Forming an orthogonal matrix whose 1st column is a given unit vector

    Homework Statement Show that if the vector \textbf{v}_1 is a unit vector (presumably in \Re^n) then we can find an orthogonal matrix \textit{A} that has as its first column the vector \textbf{v}_1. The Attempt at a Solution This seems to be trivially easy. Suppose we have a basis \beta for...
  10. J

    In general, what is the best type of column used for fractional distillation?

    Many university organic course laboratories use Liebig columns packed with glass beads. This is what I use, but I would like to know if there are better columns that can be used instead of this. I had a problem with this type of apparatuse before. The glass beads shot right through the $30...
  11. S

    Row and Column space questions.

    Hey, I was looking for help on these questions dealing with row and column spaces... 1. Prove that the linear system Ax = b is consistent IFF the rank of (A|b) equals the rank of A. 2. Show that if A and B are nxn matrices, and N(A-B) = R^n, then A = B The first one I can't get much...
  12. K

    Confused about Column Space? Let Us Help!

    so i tried looking it up on various sources including wikipedia, and i am still confused about column space actually is. maybe it would help if one of you explained it to me?
  13. T

    Column Problem Help: Calculating Length of Conical Steel Column Under Load

    A straight conical column made of steal (original length 1000mm, head diameter 90 mm, ground diameter 190 mm) is loaded by a normal force F = 1450 kN. What is the length under load ? for this ,the diameter is changing along the column,should i assume is as hollow and use the hollow formula...
  14. T

    Pressure of column of mercury

    What is the pressure of a 10 cm high column of mercury (ρ = 13,6 g/cm^3) in hPa? i know that the formula is Pressure=pgh so i subs in 13.6g/cm^3 (9.81m/s^2) (10cm). may i know what is the g in 13.6g/cm^3 belongs to?? is it equals to 9.81m/s^2?? and also what is hPa??i know Pa is pascal...
  15. Amith2006

    Frequency of vibration of air column

    Sir, Consider a resonance column which is in unison with a tuning fork of particular frequency. Now by varying the length of the air column, resonance is obtained at different lengths. How is this possible? I have this doubt because each length of air column vibrates with a particular...
  16. J

    Will Changing the Air Column Length in a Pipe Create Resonance in Helium?

    Here's the situation: you have a pipe in a bucket of water and can vary the length of the air column in the pipe by raising or lowering it. Here's my question, hope someone can help. The speed of sound in helium is three times greater than the speed of sound in air (340m/s). Under these...
  17. C

    Column Chromatography: Speculate on Why Compounds Came Off as Mixture

    A chemist started to carry out column chromatography on a Friday afternoon, got to the point at which the two compounds being separated were about three-fourths of the way down the column, and then returned on Monday to find that the compounds came off the column as a mixture. Speculate on the...
  18. S

    How Does Mercury Affect the Air Column Length in a Sealed Cylinder?

    A vertica cylindrical Tank of length greater rgab 76cm has its top end closed by a tightly fitting frictionless piston of negligible weight. The air inside the cylinder is at an absolute pressure of 1 atm. The piston depressed by pouring mercury on it slowly, so that the temperature of air is...
  19. B

    Why does an open ended column reflect sound?

    I am reading about how sound waves traveling down a column that is open at one end (clarinet, vocal tract etc). Apparently when they reach the open end some are reflected and interfere constructively or destructivly with subsequent waves in the column. My question is why are the sound waves...
  20. ShawnD

    Will a long tube act like a fractionating column?

    I'm making a distillation apparatus and I've hit a block. The steel wool I packed into the plastic tubing (acting as a fractionating column) is rusting incredibly fast. I obviously don't want to be drinking rust, so can I just take the wool out and use an extra long tube instead? I'm thinking...
  21. E

    Vector, Sub, Column, and Row Spaces

    There are so many concepts going on in my linear algebra class. Could someone help me understand what they mean? Particularly: vector space, subspace, column space, row space, dimension, basis, and rank. Thanks in advance!
  22. J

    Please help measuring the velocity of sound by an air column

    please help! measuring the velocity of sound by an air column hello, I'm new here and in desperate need of help. I conducted an experiment to measure the velocity of sound by an air column. The experiment didn't go very well. It was difficult for me to depict the change of sound. Anyway I...
  23. B

    HELP relationship between rate of flow of water and height of water column

    Purpose : to determine experimentally the relationship between the rate of flow of water through a narrow opening and the height of the water column. any ideas in how i could do this experiment and what kind of data to use etc. and how this can conclude to a design in an hydro electric dam...
  24. J

    What Determines the Maximum Height of a Self-Supporting Column?

    There is a maximum height of a uniform vertical column made of any material that can support itself without buckling, and it is independent of the cross sectional area (why?). Calculate this height for a) steel (density 7.8x10^3) b) Granite (density 2.7x10^3) I'm just really confused on how...
  25. B

    Nullspace and Column Space Question

    Nullspace and Orthogonal Complement Quick question: is the nullspace the orthogonal complement of the column space or the the row space? Thanks, sorry I don't have my textbook nearby.
  26. M

    How would I calculate water pressure in a vertical column?

    How would I calculate water pressure in a vertical column? I had about a 17 foot PVC tube with a 4" diameter filled with water. What equations could I use?
  27. L

    Calculate this height for aluminum column

    There is a maximum height of a uniform vertical column made of any material that can support itself without breaking, and it is independent of the cross-sectional area. (a) Calculate this height for aluminum (density 2.7 103 kg/m3). (b) Calculate this height for granite (density 2.7 103...
  28. P

    Maximum height of a uniform vertical column

    There is a maximum height of a uniform vertical column made of any material that can support itself without breaking, and it is independent of the cross-sectional area. (a) Calculate this height for steel (density 7.8 103 kg/m3). (b) Calculate this height for granite (density 2.7...
  29. L

    Column Spaces and Rank of Matrix Multiplication: Insights and Proof

    can anyone help me with this? Let A be in R^mxn, B in R^nxr, and C=AB. Show that: (i) The column space of C is a subspace of the column space of A; (ii) Rank(C) is smaller than or equal to min{rank(A), rank(B)}. For (i) I tried to show that C can be written as linear combination of A but...
  30. G

    Resonant Frequency and Air Column Length

    Hi. The experiment is set up so that a loudspeaker is suspended oer a column of air. When sound is sent through the air column, the particls of air will vibrate. The amplitude is related to the loudness of the sound so when the particles vibrate at their maximum amplitude (resonance) the sound...
  31. M

    Column cross-sectional area (cm2)

    hello guys! i have a column with a shape of a cylinder. the radius is 2cm and the heigh is 5cm. i have to calculate the cross-sectional area of the column. i wonder what is the formula and how is the calculation? it has been a long time since i last had my math lectures, so i really hope for...
  32. B

    Why do some elements in column 14 have different shapes than carbon?

    The Odd Shapes of Life ( carbon) Hi, I have a question CH3, doublet (one unpaired electron) has a triangular planor shape. According to vspr theory it should have a tiangular pryimidal shape. The rest of the elements in row 14 ( Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) all have a tringular pryimidal shape. From...
  33. D

    Vertical steel column analysis

    I have recently came across design capacity tables for structural steel (hollow sections). - In the table it shows that 273.1 x 12.7 CHS will not buckle at 1 metre of height (below that, size 219.1 x 12.7 at the same height will buckle at 10 kN less than full capacity if it were fully...
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