What is Distributed: Definition and 225 Discussions

Distributed computing is a field of computer science that studies distributed systems. A distributed system is a system whose components are located on different networked computers, which communicate and coordinate their actions by passing messages to one another from any system. The components interact with one another in order to achieve a common goal. Three significant characteristics of distributed systems are: concurrency of components, lack of a global clock, and independent failure of components. Examples of distributed systems vary from SOA-based systems to massively multiplayer online games to peer-to-peer applications.
A computer program that runs within a distributed system is called a distributed program (and distributed programming is the process of writing such programs). There are many different types of implementations for the message passing mechanism, including pure HTTP, RPC-like connectors and message queues.Distributed computing also refers to the use of distributed systems to solve computational problems. In distributed computing, a problem is divided into many tasks, each of which is solved by one or more computers, which communicate with each other via message passing.

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  1. A

    Beams subject to distributed load/centroids

    Picture of the problem: Relevant equations are the ones used to find the reactions at the supports (moment about points, forces in the x and y) and the ones used to determine the centroid. I'm having a hard time finding a. I found the moment of area for each triangle, with the origin at A...
  2. S

    Partial linearly distributed load on cantilever beam

    I have a partial linearly distributed load on a cantilever and would to determine the bending moment distribution along the beam. I usually do this by taking cuts along different sections of the beam and finding the expressions for shear force and bending moment. However when I do this...
  3. M

    Evenly distributed points on a sphere

    I have a practical application which relies upon the generation of evenly distributed points on a sphere. When I first considered this problem, I learned that some number of polyhedrons (Platonic polyhedrons) had each vertex lying evenly spaced from the others within the surface of a sphere...
  4. T

    Is friction a point or distributed force?

    Please explain your reasoning
  5. L

    Statistics Chi Square test of normally distributed data

    Homework Statement The following data is hypothesized to possesses a normal distribution, is that hypothesis sustained by a Chi-square test at .05 significance: <66...4 67-68...24 68-70...35 70-72...15 72-74...8 >74...4 The Attempt at a Solution 1. I know that I should...
  6. D

    Calculate evenly distributed force on a beam

    If you have a beam with a force q evenly distributed on top of it, would this ƩMA= 0 B*3,3-Cy*5,5-q*4,3*2,15=0 or this ƩMA=0 B*3,3-Cy*5,5-q*4,3*2,15*3,35=0 be the right way to set up the moment point calculations? Basically what I'm unsure of is if I must incorporate the distance...
  7. MarkFL

    MHB Michael's question at Yahoo Answers concerning normally distributed data

    Here is the question: Here is a link to the question: Help With A Statistics Problem! 10 Points!? - Yahoo! Answers I have posted a link there to this topic so that the OP may find my response.
  8. E

    1-D Bounded, Distributed Diffusion of Contaminant

    Homework Statement I'm having some difficulty deriving the equation for a concentration of CO2 as a function of length and time. Ultimately I end up with an equation that includes the summation of two error function terms that appear to have incorrect signs. Given: A cylinder of...
  9. jaumzaum

    What Does "Distributed" Mean in Faraday's Law?

    Faraday says that a variation of magnetic flux generates an induced emf distributed by the material, which creates eddy currents. I want to know and understand what this "distributed" means. Do we have a constant potential difference between every 2 points of the object? (is this possible?)
  10. H

    Statics: Bending of a beam/evenly distributed force problem

    Hello, and sorry for my English, as I am Norwegian. I have a statics problem which I can not understand. I've taken a pic from my book: The problem asks me to find the largest bending stress, σb, in the incisions 1 and 2. I have the solution in front of me, I just don't understand...
  11. M

    Distributed vs concentrated loads

    According to my book(mechanics of materials) the definition for concentrated load is when the area of contact of one body is small in comparison to the total area of the other body. So, small area in contact with big area equals concentrated load, but was watching an example on you tube that...
  12. dexterdev

    How to convert a gaussian distributed rnd sequence to uniform dist and viceversa

    Hi PF, I have a device (with a microcontroller) which generates random numbers. when I analyzed those numbers using Matlab software I found that it is following a uniform distribution. How can I mathematically (any algorithm?) convert this random output to a gaussian one. Also I would...
  13. E

    Moment of a Distributed Load on Beam, Scanned work and Diagram.

    Homework Statement Determine the forces of reaction.Homework Equations SUM of Y forces=0 SUM OF FORCES ABOUT POINT B = 0 The Attempt at a Solution My attempt is in the link, I scanned the diagram along with my work. Thanks for the feedback, appreciated. http://imgur.com/i3cB2 <----- Link
  14. S

    Probability that distance from the origin of a uniformly distributed point < x

    Homework Statement A point is uniformly distributed within the disk of radius 1. That is, its density is f(x,y) = C For 0 ≤ x2 + y2 ≤ 1 Find the probability that its distance from the origin is less than x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1. [Note] My book says that the answer is supposed to be x2. 2. The attempt...
  15. N

    Calculate Distributed Capacitance for Wireless Energy Transfer in Circular Coils

    Hello, I am designing a wireless energy transfer system and would like a formula to calculate the distributed capacitance in a circular coil of N turns. Any kind of assistance is really appreciated.
  16. S

    Marginal probability & law of iterated expectations for three jointly distributed RVs

    Homework Statement Consider three random variables X, Y, and Z. Suppose that: Y takes on k values y_{1}... y_{k} X takes on l values x_{1}... x_{l} Z takes on m values z_{1}... z_{m} The joint probability distribution of X, Y, and Z is Pr(X=x, Y=y, Z=z), and the conditional probability...
  17. S

    Why is E(X^3) = E(X) = 0, if X is symmetrically distributed about 0?

    This is not a homework problem but is rather something I'm curious about. I apologize if the answer is very simple, but I am having trouble coming up with an absolute and strict proof. * X is a discrete random variable that is symmetrically distributed about 0. Hence, E(X) = 0 * Why is E(X^3) =...
  18. R

    How is energy/matter density distributed through the universe?

    If you were to take a panoramic view of the sky, would the amount of electromagnetic radiation and matter/dark matter be relatively evenly distributed? Or is their a section/ sections in the sky that appear to be significantly more densely populated?
  19. K

    Create Distributed Database w/ MySQL, MS SQL, Oracle & PostgreSQL

    I need to create a system using heterogeneous database. I must use at least 4 different database. My choice would be MySQL, MS SQL Server, Oracle and PostgreSQL since these are among the most popular and matured database or if you have any database that is more suitable please tell me...
  20. Vanadium 50

    Distributed Blame: Teacher Responsible For Unethical Cheating?

    Mentor's note (not V50's, by the way): this thread was split from the following thread in Academic Guidance: https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=609418 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This is the same argument as "Dressed...
  21. M

    Probability Question. Normally distributed

    1) (1 pt) The extract of a plant native to Taiwan has been tested as a possible treatment for Leukemia. One of the chemical compounds produced from the plant was analyzed for a particular collagen. The collagen amount was found to be normally distributed with μ=71 and σ= 8.5 grams per mililiter...
  22. X

    Cumulative distributed function example

    I was looking to a video about cumulative distribution function () and he show the following function: \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ | 1/4, 0 \leq x \leq1 \\ f(x) =<(x^3)/5, 1 \leq x \leq 2 \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |0, otherwise. At minute 8:45, he presents the cumulative...
  23. P

    Distributed Power: Benefits, Efficiency & Load Shedding Agreements

    I attended a lecture on DP yesterday, and learned some new things that I thought I'd share. If anyone has something to add on this topic, then please post. DR is when you install a generator at its point of use, like perhaps a 20 MW unit at a hospital or hotel. Payback is often as short...
  24. H

    Solving for Distributed Spring Work

    Homework Statement I need to find the distributed spring work over a beam connected to a ceiling. The position on any point on the beam is given by Z = h + σ*(x-x_ea). The spring constant is K. This is a wing model, where h is the plunge, alpha is the pitch, and x is a position on the chord...
  25. A

    Calc-Based Stats, Prove a Conditional Distribution is Gamma Distributed

    Homework Statement An image of the assigned problem is here: http://imgur.com/aYkaM Homework Equations The formula for being exponential, gamma, and probably Bayes's Law. They'd take a while to type out, and presumably anyone who can help me with this already knows the formulas or...
  26. G

    Finding maximum likelihood function for 2 normally distributed samples

    Homework Statement The question is about how to combine to different samples done with 2 different methods of the same phenomena. Method 1 gives normally distributed variables X_1,X_2,...X_{n_1}, with \mu and \sigma^2_1 Method 1 gives normally distributed variables Y_1,Y_2,...,Y_{n_2}...
  27. jaketodd

    Converting Watts, Distributed Over An Area, To Energy Density

    Is there a way to get energy density from watts, with the resultant energy density not involving time, as watts do? Thanks, Jake
  28. D

    Beam bending under a uniformly distributed load

    Homework Statement I have a bumper and I am trying to determine whether or not the rectangular tubing I am using to build it is strong enough to withstand a given load (rear end collision). The horizontal member is 4x3x.1875 tubing (4" base, 3" high, 95" long). Two 3x3x.1975 tubes are used as...
  29. J

    Conditional probability & r balls randomly distributed in n cells

    Conditional probability & "r balls randomly distributed in n cells" Homework Statement I'm posting this in hope that someone can give me a correct interpretation of the following problem (problem V.8 of Feller's Introduction to probability theory and its applications VOL I): 8. Seven balls...
  30. C

    MHB A Introduction to Statistics Question on Normally distributed RVs

    Question from Jim on Yahoo Answers: The things you should know are: 1. The sum of normal random variables is a normal random variable with mean equal to the sum of the means and variance equal to the sum of the variances. 2. Multiplying a normal RV by a constant gives a normal RV with mean...
  31. C

    Joint pmf of 2 binomially distributed random variables

    I hope I wrote that correctly but I'm trying to find the joint. I heard it was impossible from someone. X = A/R A~BIN(n1, p1) R~BIN(n2, p2) I know I shouldn't be using the Jacobian method for Discrete distributions but I have to do it anyway. Anyone know?
  32. M

    Generating Normally Distributed Integers in R, Matlab, and Other Software

    Hi. Any ideas how to generate in any software R, Matlab etc normally distributed random numbers by one condition so they will be integers like 1, 2,3...and not decimal values. I tried to round up the generated decimal values but in my guess normality is doubted after that. Regards
  33. T

    Charge distributed over a spherical surface [concept question]

    So in the case of a spherical conductor, if we have charge distributed over it the electric field inside will ALWAYS be zero. Even when we place a charge near the sphere the field inside is zero right? And if we have a spherical insulator and we uniformly distribute the charge, the electric...
  34. M

    HiI am testing that data are normally distributed by using

    Hi I am testing that data are normally distributed by using chi-square test. I get a very high chi coefficient about 173. This is very strange because data fits at 3sigma test and median mode are equal so I am almost sure that is normal distribution. What I am doing wrong? Which test do you...
  35. S

    Are linear dependent data normal distributed?

    Homework Statement Lets say we have some data which we using the method of the least squares regression can express a linear regression model. I would like to know if this data generelly will be normal-distributed if it can be expressed by a linear regession model? and if so any way to...
  36. G

    Normal Distribution: PDF of a Normally Distributed Random Variable

    Homework Statement A Normally distributed random variable with mean μ has a probability density function given by _ρ_...*...((-ρ2(x-μ)2)/2δ) √2∏δ|...e^ Homework Equations Its standard deviation is given by: A)ρ2/δ B)δ/ρ C)√δ|/ρ D)ρ/√δ| E)√δ|/2ρ The Attempt at a Solution...
  37. J

    Moment Generating Function of normally distributed variable

    Hi guys, I need to find the moment generating function for X ~ N (0,1) and then also the MGF for X2 . I know how to do the first part but I'm unsure for X2. do i use the identity that if Y = aX then MY(t) = E(eY(t)) = E(e(t)aX) or do i just square 2pi-1/2e x2/2 and then solve as...
  38. T

    How Are Resultants Calculated for Parallel vs Perpendicular Distributed Loads?

    Hi there, Parallel distributed loads are throwing me off a little at the moment. Is the resultant worked out the same way as for those with distributed loads perpendicular to a beam?? Picture included. Thanks in advance
  39. J

    Jointly Distributed Discrete Random Variables

    Hi all, I am currently doing my Final Year Project on the topic of Optimal Placement of Suicide Bomber Detectors. Given 2 dependent bomb detectors, I am trying to prove that the probability of detection in the intersected area will be larger than the individually covered areas, by working...
  40. T

    What is the distance of the resultant from point A on the beam?

    hi there, I'm getting very very confused about distributed loads. I am trying to figure out the resultant force of a distributed load on a beam. The function I've been given for q(x) is a polynomial (below x=0). I have figured out the resultant for my function q(x)=x2-2x-4. I believe...
  41. K

    Point load Vs Distributed loads

    Hi all. Do we have a boundary (for classification) as to when a load can be called a point load or a distributed load? Thanks.
  42. A

    Registered events X in time interval t are distributed linearly n = n0

    Registered events X in time interval t are distributed linearly n = n0 + bt. Find probability density function, then t = 10, n0 = 5 and b =2. Find average amount of registered events per day and Mean squared error. Find the probability to register an event per 5th and 6th days. What is the...
  43. M

    Normally distributed random variable and probability

    Homework Statement The top-selling Red and Voss tire is rated 60000 miles, which means nothing. In fact, the distance the tires can run until wear-out is a normally distributed random variable with a mean of 70000 miles and a standard deviation of 5000 miles. A: What is the probability that...
  44. N

    How Do You Calculate the Forces Exerted by Each Man Carrying a Ladder?

    1. A 200N ladder is being carried by two men. The ladder is 12m; one man standing at the end, and the other 2m from the other end. Find the forces exerted by each man, 2. Moment of force = Force * Perpendicular distance from force 3. Man at end; 6*200 Other man 2m from other end...
  45. R

    Probability= sum of n uniformly distributed r.v.'s

    Homework Statement Xi ~ U(80,120) find the E[X1+X2+...+Xn]=? Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution Why can't I do this?: E[X1+X2+...+Xn]=n*E[X1] and just find the expected value? Is that because the distribution changes as we increase the number of elements of...
  46. J

    Normally distributed data?

    Homework Statement Suppose I have a set of measurements of a quantity Q, where the resolution R is the same for all data di. However, R is unknown, and I wish to find it. In my book they do this by writing the likelihood L (or rather, ln(L)) as the Gaussian, so \ln L = \sum\limits_i {...
  47. J

    Normally distributed data errors

    Homework Statement Hello If my data errors are normally distributed, is this the same as the data being normally distributed? I mean, by "normally distributed data errors" is meant that with 68% confidence the data lies within the true value?
  48. C

    Gaussian distributed falling drops on a non-orthogonal plane

    Hi all, I'm considering a problem of a bunch of particles (say electrons) arriving on a plate. If the plate is orthogonal to the direction of motion of the particles their distribution (on the plate) is a gaussian distribution centered in a point (x,y) of the plate with standard deviation...
  49. M

    SFD & BMD of beam with point force through distributed load

    Hi Guys, I'm having real difficulty trying to understand shear force and bending moment diagrams - both cantilever beams and supported ones like below. I've given it my best shot to solve the reactions at the points and would greatly appreciate any help on how to form the diagram and the...
  50. T

    Difference in Distributed Loads: Up vs Down, -30kN/m

    Homework Statement what is the difference between a distributed load with arrows pointing up like the once i have attached and just the standard distributed load where the arrow is pointing down. Does it mean the force is acting up the beam instead of down?the value given is -30kN/m. does that...
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