What is Free fall: Definition and 486 Discussions

In Newtonian physics, free fall is any motion of a body where gravity is the only force acting upon it. In the context of general relativity, where gravitation is reduced to a space-time curvature, a body in free fall has no force acting on it.
An object in the technical sense of the term "free fall" may not necessarily be falling down in the usual sense of the term. An object moving upwards might not normally be considered to be falling, but if it is subject to only the force of gravity, it is said to be in free fall. The Moon is thus in free fall around the Earth, though its orbital speed keeps it in very far orbit from the Earth's surface.
In a roughly uniform gravitational field, in the absence of any other forces, gravitation acts on each part of the body roughly equally. When there is no normal force exerted between a body (e.g. an astronaut in orbit) and its surrounding objects, it will result in the sensation of weightlessness, a condition that also occurs when the gravitational field is weak (such as when far away from any source of gravity).
The term "free fall" is often used more loosely than in the strict sense defined above. Thus, falling through an atmosphere without a deployed parachute, or lifting device, is also often referred to as free fall. The aerodynamic drag forces in such situations prevent them from producing full weightlessness, and thus a skydiver's "free fall" after reaching terminal velocity produces the sensation of the body's weight being supported on a cushion of air.

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  1. ubergewehr273

    What is the velocity just before the body touches the ground

    Homework Statement A body is dropped from a height ##h## with an initial speed 0, reaches the ground with a velocity of 3 km/h. Another body of the same mass was dropped from the same height ##h## with an initial speed 4 km/h. The second body will reach the ground with what velocity ? Homework...
  2. Flutterguy123

    Understanding Initial Velocity in Free Fall: The Role of Perspective

    Say a person was descending at constant rate of 1m/s while holding a ball. Then, without stopping, the person dropped the ball which assumed a free fall. Would the ball assume an initial velocity of 0m/s, or would it start at the one 1m/s that the person is traveling? If anyone can, please...
  3. T

    Free fall into BH and horizons

    Apparent horizon recedes in front of the free falling observer, this is quite obvious. My question is, what is AROUND the observer. Spagettification stretches the observer vertically, but compresses horizontally. Do horizontal tidal forces form (apparent) white horizons around the observer?
  4. l0st

    Observing black holes inside black holes

    Can an observer, freely falling into a black hole observe another black hole, falling with him, after crossing horizon? I assume one should be, as for freely falling observer nothing special happens, when he crosses horizon. But just wanted to double-check.
  5. P

    Small Ball Falling: Velocity, Acceleration & Height vs Time

    1.Small ball with mass m falls from hight h. Find how velocity, acceleration and height depend on time. Air resistance is linear and depends on velocity ##F = kv##. 2. Air resistance ##F=kv## where ##k## is constant. 3. I do not know where to go after ##ma = mg - kv ##.
  6. HamzaPhysical

    How long does it take to free fall from Mt. Everest?

    1.If i were to jump of of Mt. Everest (29,090 ft), how long will it take me to hit the ground? The initial velocity is 0, the pull of gravity is equal to 9.81m/s^2(acceleration). I got 42 seconds, but i didnt calculate terminal velocity so I am pretty sure my answer is wrong to calculate time...
  7. M

    Confused about Free Falling Bodies in Vacuum: Acceleration or Velocity?

    Here is an unsettling question from a practice set that I've been working on today. Unsettling because the answer key contradicts my answer so I need a second thought. A pingpong ball and a golf ball are dropped in a vacuum chamber from the same height and at the same time. When they have...
  8. R

    Water Bucket Free Fall: Parabolic or Linear Path?

    There is a situation that a bucket which is full of water and has a hole at the side is let to fall freely. Will the water flow out of the bucket? And if it does, will its path be parabolic or linear? Assume that there is no air and hydrodynamics is working. Full detailed answer would be...
  9. C

    Hinged rigid beam vs mass free fall

    Our test group had some issues with an ASTM foam cushion drop test, and I was asked to investigate. I fixed the problem, but noticed something in a high speed video. A 50 kg mass on the hinged platform separates from the platform when the raised end of the platform is dropped. I thought the...
  10. B

    Dimensionless Form and Free Fall

    Homework Statement Hello everyone, first time poster. I am in an Analytical Mechanics class and we are covering Dimensionless Form and Free Fall and am struggling with some of the concepts. The question has multiple parts, but looks like this. The equation for a damped harmonic oscillator is...
  11. P

    How Fast Should the Second Stone Be Thrown to Hit the Ground Simultaneously?

    Homework Statement While standing on a bridge 18.3 m above the ground, you drop a stone from rest. When the stone has fallen 2.50 m, you throw a second stone straight down. What initial velocity must you give the second stone if they are both to reach the ground at the same instant? Take the...
  12. H

    Air resistance, changing position in free fall?

    Let's say that I have a stick with weight evenly distributed throughout. I attach a fan to one end of the stick, then balance it from its new centre of mass. I measure the distance from the ground to the stick then drop it. The stick tilts up towards the side generating more air resistance (fan...
  13. F

    Distance traveled by projectile in Free Fall

    Homework Statement An object falls from rest off a building, with a constant acceleration of 9.8 m/sec^2. The object travels half the building in its last 1 secs of its fall before hitting the ground. What is the height of the building? v_0 = 0 a = 9.8 Homework Equations x = x_0 + v_0 t +...
  14. kq6up

    Free Fall and Inertial Frames?

    Let me set the stage for a thought experiment. 1. A physicist in an elevator at some arbitrary height above Earth holding an accelerometer oriented in a direction pointing toward the center of the Earth. 2. No atmospheric drag. Drop the elevator car and make a measurement. The...
  15. L

    Drag Coefficient and Reynolds Number Related to free fall

    Homework Statement Hi, I am doing a theoretical investigation which will be compared to an experimental I'll do later. I am trying to calculate how much time will it take an object to fall a heigh H. the object is a 5x5x5 cm cube. I have the Reynolds number as this Re=3546*Velocity; and I...
  16. A

    Theoretical description about free fall and acceleration

    Hey everyone... I have a question about free fall and acceleration. I recently had a question on an exam that went something like this. "A ball is thrown directly up from a building 59.4 meters high. It barely misses the building on its way down and hits the ground 4 seconds after being...
  17. Adjoint

    Solving Free Fall Problem: Ball Speed & Heights

    [EDITED. Thanks to Doc Al, Tanya Sharma and dauto] Homework Statement A ball is dropped from rest from the top of a building of height h. At the same instant, a second ball is projected vertically upward from ground level, such that it has zero speed when it reaches the top of the building...
  18. F

    Concept of Free Fall in question

    OK so let me apologies if I don't seem to fully understand the concept of free fall and am making a far fetched connection. I've been recently reviewing some of my old course material such as vector calculations, Newtonian mechanics,etc, and while reading up on basic vector calculation the...
  19. S

    Time for object in free fall to reach bottom of reservoir

    I'm sorry I'm sure this question is basic, but hours later I'm still stumped. Any hints appreciated. Also I'm trying to work on thinking about the theory behind the solution, so if anyone can include the physics "why it works" behind their hint that would be greatly appreciated :) Homework...
  20. A

    A basic question about free fall (concerning Galileo and Aristotle)

    This question is from Resnick, Halliday, Krane; Physics 5th edition. This is not actually a homework problem rather a question and so I hope it's not inappropriate to post it here. If m is a light stone and M is a heavy one, according to Aristotle M should fall fall faster than m. Galileo...
  21. K

    Finding impact speed of a high altitude free fall

    If we neglect the effects of air resistance, the impact speed of a body of mass m released from rest at an altitude of 2 x 10^8 m above the surface of Earth (mass of Earth = M = 5.99 x 10^24 kg, radius of Earth = 6.37 x 10^6 m) It's a multiple choice and I think I have it, but I just want to...
  22. B

    Solving Free Fall Motion Homework: Find Time in Seconds

    Homework Statement If a body travels half its total path in the last 1.70 s of its fall from rest, find the total time of its fall (in seconds). Homework Equations Vf=Vi+at Xf-Xi=Vit+1/2at^2 The Attempt at a Solution Well I can see what's going in in the problem (I think). I know...
  23. K

    Can You Catch a Falling Dollar Bill with Your Reaction Time?

    Homework Statement Your friend makes a wager with you. He holds a $50 bill between your thumb and finger, and says you can keep the $100 bill if you can catch it when it drops. The bill is 16cm long. Using your reaction time do you catch the bill? Homework Equations The Attempt...
  24. S

    Free Fall Question: Find Height from Half-Distance Traveled

    Homework Statement In the final second of its free fall, an object covers half the height of its total fall. From what height did it fall? 2. The attempt at a solution I know that the velocity and acceleration at the final second must be enough for the object to cover half the height...
  25. M

    Does weight affect an object's speed during free fall?

    Hi there Just wondering: all objects fall at the same speed, right(not taking into account air resistance)? So if I dropped a feather and a bowling ball on the moon, they'd fall at the same speed. So far so good. But my physics book's definition of weight is "The weight of an object is the...
  26. R136a1

    Spring with 2 masses free fall

    Homework Statement The Attempt at a Solution The reference to exercise 1.7 is not essential. The only part exercise 1.7 that is relevant to this exercise is the following: if a long narrow tube is drilled between antipodal points on a sphere of uniform mass density and two identical...
  27. E

    Calculating Terminal Velocity with Air Resistance: A Case Study in Free Fall

    My textbook source is: Fundamentals of Physics, 6th edition, by Halliday, Resnick, Walker According to Newton's well known 2nd Law of Motion: Fnet = ma In chapter 2, in the case of free fall, the Fgrav = mg, where g = -9.8 m/s2, assuming that movement along the axis of y is positive...
  28. G

    Free Fall of Objects Considering the Acelleration of the Planet

    Dear members, My name is Gilberto F. A. and I would like to ask your help regarding a topic in Gravitation. I have formal education in engineering and recently, as part of an attempt to refresh my knowledge of physics I started to study again on my spare time whenever I can. A few days ago...
  29. F

    How is - (gravitational) potential energy and free fall compatible?

    I was having a few problems with Negative gravitational potential energy, I wasn't able to put my finger on why because it worked so well with everything else I had learned. I tried to say it made sense because in space you don't free fall, but that's not actually true, though the...
  30. T

    Calculating Free Fall Motion: A Practice Problem with Step-by-Step Solution

    Homework Statement The original question is: A ball is shot horizontally off the edge of a cliff 35 m high. The ball lands 20 m from the base of the cliff. a. How long was the ball in the air? b. What was the initial velocity of the ball? Homework Equations I believe these would be helpful...
  31. Buckethead

    GR Effects on Satellites in Free Fall: Resolving the Confusion

    Two very simple questions, but ironically I've listened to a number of podcasts and articles that leave me confused as they don't always sound consistent so... 1. Is a satellite that orbits a planet (i.e. a satellite in free fall) feel the GR effects of the gravity of the planet? In other...
  32. F

    Where Do Balls Collide When Dropped and Thrown Up Simultaneously?

    Homework Statement A ball A is dropped from the top of a building of height h and simultaneously a ball B is thrown upwards and both balls collide. After the collision the ball A has the double the velocity of ball B Determine the fraction of the building where the balls collide...
  33. I

    What impact does air resistance have on a ball thrown upward with speed x?

    if we throw upward a ball with speed x. What can we say about it when the ball returns in the presence of air resistance? What about in the absence?
  34. A

    Free fall, hit the target, projectile problem

    Homework Statement monkey is a building 79.3 meters tall. as he was free falling, he was shot by a suspect with a dart. which suspect hit the monkey? Suspect a - on a building 65.2 tall, 81meters away from monkey (building to building horizontally), at velocity 55, at angle 10...
  35. A

    Free fall, hit the target, projectile problem

    Homework Statement A monkey is free falling at a building at height 79.3 Meters. At the same time a dude shoots a dart from a building 65.2 meters tall, 81.0 meters away from monkey building, 55 m/s speed, angle at 10 degree. Homework Equations two dimension kinematics The Attempt...
  36. G

    How High Was the Tree from Which the Squirrel Fell?

    Free Fall simple question, Answer check ASAP please! Homework Statement A flying squirrel falls from the top of a tree, without initial velocity. It travels the last 2 meters of its fall in 0.2s. What was the height of the tree?Homework Equations d=\upsilon_{i}t + \frac{1}{2}at^{2}...
  37. chaszz

    What causes weightlessness in a free fall?

    Einstein said one his happiest realizations was that a person in free fall would feel no weight. Unless I am mistaken he said this. But didn't Newton realize this?
  38. P

    Free Fall Tennis Ball Question

    Homework Statement A tennis ball is thrown upward with and reaches height of 18 m. What maximum height can reach this ball on the where acceleration of free fall is 6 times less than g? In both cases initial velocity is same. [sic] (excuse my physics teacher's grammar, don't shoot the...
  39. C

    Free fall trajectory in non constant gravitational field

    Rusty on the math... I am working on a problem and need the derivation of a free fall trajectory for an object at a distance above Earth where the change in acceleration is not negligible. How do I integrate the distance/ acceleration formula taking into account the change in g to get the...
  40. E

    Autonomous Diff. Equation, Free Fall Encountering Resistance

    Homework Statement Given: If a body of a mass m falling from rest under the action of gravity encounters an air resistance proportional to the square of velocity, then the body's velocity t seconds in the fall satisfies v' = g - [(kv^2)/m] where k>0 and is a constant that depends on the...
  41. X

    Free fall acceleration concept question

    Homework Statement A student throws a set of keys vertically upward to her sorority sister in a window 4m above. The keys are caught 1.5s later by the sister's outstretched hands. (a) With what initial velocity were the keys thrown? (b) What was the velocity of the keys just before they were...
  42. C

    Transforming Fields in Inertial and Rotating Frames

    If I am in orbit around Earth that means that I am in constant free-fall around earth. Is this an inertial reference frame?
  43. F

    Free Fall with Viscous Friction

    Hello, First post hear so bear with me. I have a mass in free fall with a viscous friction which can be derived from the dissipative potential Kv2/2. I must find the Lagrangian and proove that the maximum speed is v=mg/K. I have the following Lagrangian...
  44. P

    Exploring Free-Fall Acceleration: Understanding the Basics in a Logical Method

    hi, thanks for taking time to read my first post. i'm trying to solve a little mystery and would like to do so in a methodical and logical way. it is my basic understanding that free-fall acceleration is a constant on Earth of 9.8m/sec2 that if an object is released from a height it...
  45. L

    QM: Potential Energy & Particle Free Fall

    In classical mechanics is defined potential and kinetical energy for particular particle. For example, in case of free fall potential energy of the particle is ##mgh## and kinetic energy is ##\frac{m\upsilon^2}{2}##. In QM there isn't potential of the particle, but potential of part of the...
  46. K

    Change in Gravity Affecting Free Fall

    In high school physics, which I am in, we learn that to find the distance that and object falls can be found with the equation, x=v0t+1/2gt2. We also learn that the force of gravity between two objects can be found by Fg=Gm1m2/r2 and thus acceleration due to gravity can be derived to be g=Gm/r2...
  47. harrylin

    Free fall acceleration in SR

    This is a spin-off of a parallel discussion, starting from: https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?p=4281037#post4281037 The question is what SR predicts that an accelerometer in free-fall will read. This issue may be simply due to different people using a different meaning of "SR", but...
  48. B

    Calculating Free Fall Motion on a Drop Ride: Solving for Velocity and Distance

    Homework Statement Passengers on the drop, a free fall ride at the fair, sits in cars that are raised to the top of the tower. the cars are released for 2.6 s of free fall. a) how fast are the passengers moving at the end of the free fall phase? -25.506 m/s b) if the cars in which they ride...
  49. K

    Dropping springs (in free fall) and hoberman ball

    Homework Statement A) Explain what will happen if I drop a spring at equilibrium. B) Explain what will happen if I drop a Hoberman ball. C) Explain what will happen if I drop the spring in a falling elevator (in free fall). Homework Equations T=kx [b]3. The Attempt at a Solution...
  50. T

    When does a ball enter free fall?

    So in a physics lab, we threw a ball upwards and recorded its acceleration. If you look at the graph there is actually a period of time where it goes from positive acceleration to -9.8 m/s2. But how is that possible? Before I let go of the ball, it experiences a positive acceleration because I...
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