Hydraulics (from Greek: Υδραυλική) is a technology and applied science using engineering, chemistry, and other sciences involving the mechanical properties and use of liquids. At a very basic level, hydraulics is the liquid counterpart of pneumatics, which concerns gases. Fluid mechanics provides the theoretical foundation for hydraulics, which focuses on the applied engineering using the properties of fluids. In its fluid power applications, hydraulics is used for the generation, control, and transmission of power by the use of pressurized liquids. Hydraulic topics range through some parts of science and most of engineering modules, and cover concepts such as pipe flow, dam design, fluidics and fluid control circuitry. The principles of hydraulics are in use naturally in the human body within the vascular system and erectile tissue.
Free surface hydraulics is the branch of hydraulics dealing with free surface flow, such as occurring in rivers, canals, lakes, estuaries and seas. Its sub-field open-channel flow studies the flow in open channels.
The word "hydraulics" originates from the Greek word ὑδραυλικός (hydraulikos) which in turn originates from ὕδωρ (hydor, Greek for water) and αὐλός (aulos, meaning pipe).
I have a doubt about hydraulic lever
if a force f1 is applied at piston of smaller area a1 then pressure is transmitted to every part of fluid
due to aplication of f1 smaller piston move down and piston at other end move up
does the moving up of second piston have any effect on...
Homework Statement
ive done the darcy experiment in the lab already and have the data, the question asks to calculate the hydraulic conductivity,K. I've done one already and I am just looking for confirmation that I've done it correctly because I've never used this equation before. I know I am...
Homework Statement
A hydraulic lift is used to jack a 970-kg car 12 cm off the floor. The diameter of the output piston is 18 cm, and the input force is 250 N. (A) What is the area of the input piston? (B) What is the work done in lifting the car 12 cm?
Homework Equations
Fo=mg...
Homework Statement
A hydraulic lift has two connected pistons with cross-sectional areas 25 cm2 and 250 cm2. It is filled with oil of density 510 kg/m3.
a) What mass must be placed on the small piston to support a car of mass 1200 kg at equal fluid levels? I got this answer - 120 kg...
Evening All,
I am looking at a problem where there is essentially a hydraulic cylinder containing a double acting type rod (with an annulus). There will be some holes in the annulus, which will allow fluid to pass through once there is a load on the end of the rod causing it to extend. The...
I am doing a project of hydraulic vehicle. My professor ask our team to install a hydrualic pump and motor in the vehicle. We are considering to purchase a set of hydraulic pump and motor, and we have the following requirements:
We have an existing electric motor of 22kW, 60Nm (continous)...
I have 1000kg of weight (it can be a heavy brick) suspended on a platform which I can lower (say 1 meter) and drive a hydraulic piston. A hydraulic accumulator will store the hydraulic liquid. The accumulator can then drive on-demand a hydraulic pump into a rotary motion and drive a generator...
If I had a 4X4 car and wished to raise it up to increase ground clearance by 10 feet, (looking something like a travel lift) keep the diffs and axels in their original position and attach 4 separate hydraulic pumps to the end of the axels to drive 4 hydraulic wheel motors at ground level – Would...
Force necessary to support mass on Hydraulic Jack?
Homework Statement
Piston 1 in the figure has a diameter of 1.31 cm. distance of 2 in
Piston 2 has a diameter of 7.91 cm. distance of 10 in
In the absence of friction, determine the force F, necessary to support an object with a mass of 904...
Hi Guys and Girls,
I am a final year mech engineering student doing my thesis.
My project is to design a bench and apparatus to "strip" cylinders. This requires the end caps to be removed (or clamps in some cases). The rod to be extracted, sometimes requiring large force, and the piston...
Hello,
This may be a very basic question regarding the workings of accumulators, but I have been unable to find the answer elsewhere.
If the pressure and flow within a hydraulic system is varying sinusoidally (peak pressure = 200 bar, period = 10 s) due to the motion of a piston, and you want...
For a proposed Hovercraft propulsion system,
1a) Is it feasible to use separate hydraulic motors to power a) four wheels for land propulsion, b) two water propellors for water propulsion c) two lift fans d) six actuators for retracting / deploying the wheels and propellers.
1b) Can the...
If I know only the diameter of the hydraulic cylinder that is 54 cm (4 cylinder, each cornner), how can i know the foce that act on the plate work. Do i need to know more any value ?
sorry for poor english.
Hi, this really isn't a homework problem - it's posed in a textbook I am using to revise having not used physics for 15 years - I'm now training as a science teacher.
Can anyone prove the hydraulic formula to raise a mass m by distance d where the force on the piston must be increased by...
If anyone here has experience with hydraulic hand pumps(those 10000 psi models), could you tell me how hot the oil, and by extenstion the pipes get during compression?
Homework Statement
ok so it isn't exactly a problem. i just need to know some equations i can use in relation to a hydraulic breaking system i don't mind what, but if someone could just give me a calculation i can do for an assignment that would be great. thank you
Homework Equations...
I want to build a pump system using the water pressure from a 36 inch deep pond (up to 96" weather permitting) to pump water to a holding tank 100 feet above the 36" water level. after reading thru 15 pages of posts "water pumps" etc. on PF my head is spinning.
At the dam there is access to...
how do you calculate hydraulic hammer downstream of a control valve. Perrys section 6-44 talks about valve closure time to prevent surge but what about valve opening time to prevent surge on a downstream elbow. You could use F=ma but what would your mass be, would it be the entire mass of the...
Hello my name is Scott ,
I was trying to post a question , but after joining the physics forum - I think this site is for posting questions not finding answers until after posting it , so here we go.
Maybe someone can answer this , at work I have a bet ( lunch ) on principles of...
A hydraulic lift has two connected pistons with cross-sectional areas 5 cm2 and 650 cm2. It is filled with oil of density 720 kg/m3.
a) What mass must be placed on the small piston to support a car of mass 1400 kg at equal fluid levels?
10.77 OK
b) With the lift in balance with equal...
Homework Statement
In the figure below, an open tube of length L = 1.8 m and cross-sectional area A = 4.6 cm2 is fixed to the top of a cylindrical barrel of diameter D = 1.2 m and height H = 1.8 m. The barrel and tube are filled with water (to the top of the tube). Calculate the ratio of the...
Homework Statement
A hydraulic lift has two connected pistons with cross-sectional areas 15 cm2 and 460 cm2. It is filled with oil of density 560 kg/m3.
Homework Equations
a)What mass must be placed on the small piston to support a car of mass 1100 kg at equal fluid levels?
A:35.86 kg...
Typical hydraulic pistons are flat simple surfaces.
What if one had a T-shaped or a upside down U-shaped piston? i.e. the "leg" of the T would be in the liquid submerged protruding down.
Some of the horizontal piston surface would be at a great depth, while some piston surface would be at...
Homework Statement
Right now, I am learning fluids and this question is just asking if i should use either hydraulic or pneumatic fluid for a device that will be able to lift a large fluid.Homework Equations
For pneumatic systems, flow rate is most often expressed as standard cubic feet per...
Hi guys,
I want to check that I am going about this problem in the right way:
The attached image shows a parallelogram type frame with a hydraulic ram located from corner to corner as shown (E to C). There is a load applied to a platform in the far bottom right hand side of the drawing...
Hi guys,
I want to check that I am going about this problem in the right way:
The attached image shows a parallelogram type frame with a hydraulic ram located from corner to corner as shown (E to C). There is a load applied to a platform in the far bottom right hand side of the drawing...
I am building a custom trailer, that will have "cages" ranging in size from 20" tall by 40" wide by 6' long to 39" tall, 40" wide, 8' long. And stacked up to 6 high and 2 wide. Now with my questions. I want to be able to open or unfold the cages kinda like a fishing tackle box out sideways of...
All car jacks use a modified bottle jack (modified base).
A car jack like this:
And a bottle jack like this, but with a modified base.
I'm trying to find a bottle jack with the modified base for a car jack. I'm making a car jack for a school project but can't find any spare parts for...
Dear friends
i am not a physics expert but a technical man. i encountered a problem in designing a machin for pipe pinching(squeesing) . the pipe has 20 mm diameter outside and 18 mm inside made by galvanized sheet (1.0350) with Re=140-300 N/mm2 yield strength. my machine use 3 pins for...
Homework Statement
the hydraulic lift at a car repair shop is filled with oil. the car rests on a 25cm diameter piston. to lift the car, compressed air is used to push down on a 6cm diameterpiston. By how much must the air pressure force b eincreased to life the car 2.0m.
Homework...
Hi all,
I have quite a perfect understanding of hydraulic lift, yet there is one huge problem that is contradicting my understanding. for a hydraulic lift where you push on on side of diameter d1 piston, and the object on a piston of diameter d2, you get the equation:
F1/A1 = F2/A2...
A hydraulic balance used to detect small changes in mass is shown in Fig. 9.31. If a mass m of 0.40 g is placed on the balance platform, by how much will the height of the water in the smaller, 1.0 cm diameter cylinder have changed when the balance comes to equilibrium?
please give a detailed...
I'm a store manager for an industial distributor here in Houston. I have several lines for electric motors but don't get into any hydraulics. I had a customer ask me to quote him on a Vickers hydraulic motor and it made me curious as to why someone would choose to go with a hydraulic motor vs...
1.A man has a hydraulic jack to lift his car. If the smaller piston has a diameter of .75 cm, and the larger piston a diameter of 6.0 cm, how much force will the man have to exert to lift one corner of the car, weighing 700 lb?
I know that in a hydraulic system, oil is used rather than water because water can easily vaporised under extreme use. What the is the advantage/s of using oil over air in a hydraulic system?
Homework Statement
The 70kg student in the figure balances a 1200kg elephant on a hydraulic lift. A second 70kg student joins the first student. How high do they lift the elephant?
diameter of the piston elephant is on = 2.0m
diameter of the piston student is on = 0.48m
The liquid inside...
Homework Statement
http://img186.imageshack.us/my.php?image=gdgdfgta2.jpg
the question is on the above link (PART B()
Homework Equations
deltaF=pg(A1+A2)d2
The Attempt at a Solution
deltaF=pg(A1+A2)d2
i used that formula and found that the distance was 0.35m
Dear All,
I need to represent a hydraulic system into an equivalent mechanical (spring-mass-damper) system.
But actually, they have reverse analogy in terms of flow resistance and stiffness..
meaning, Force=stiffness(k)*displacement; but Flowrate=(Pressure drop)/Flow resistance
i.e...
Okay, so I'm stuck on the last part of the problem :
A hydraulic lift has two connected pistons with cross-sectional areas 15 cm2 and 430 cm2. It is filled with oil of density 620 kg/m3.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a) What mass must...
Customer of mine is wanting me to confirm that a hydraulic fitting I am selling him will withstand 800F. The fitting is a standard issue hydraulic fitting (#12 BPP Female Coupling) that will be welded to 6" SHD 80 pipe. The pipe is on the exhaust side of a diesel engine onboard a cruise ship...
Anyone know how you get the formula F = rho*g*(A1+A2)d2 which is used to find the additional force needed to be applied to a piston to lift a car a distance of d2?
Thanks.
a rectangular duct sides .2m x .1m conveys air at a velocity of 5m/s
detremine the surface convection coefficient, h if the following data apply
thermal conductivity, k of air .000025kw/mK
Dynamic viscosity of air .000018Pas
Density of air 1.2kg/m3
Specific heat capacity of air...
Homework Statement
A hydraulic lift has two connected pistons with cross-sectional areas 25 cm2 and 700 cm2. It is filled with oil of density 570 kg/m3.
a) What mass must be placed on the small piston to support a car of mass 1300 kg at equal fluid levels? (answer: 46.4kg)
b) With the...
i'm having difficulty with part C of this problem.
A hydraulic lift has two connected pistons with cross-sectional
areas 25 cm2 and 430 cm2. It is filled with oil of density 500 kg/m3.
a) What mass must be placed on the small piston to support a car of mass 1300 kg at equal fluid levels...
Homework Statement
A 12,000 N car is raised using a hydraulic lift, which consist of a U - tube with arm of unequal areas, filled with oil with a density of 800 kg/m^3 and capped at both ends with tight-fitting pistons. The wider arm of the U tube had a radius of 18. cm and the narrower arm...
Homework Statement
A hydraulic lift has two connected pistons with cross-sectional areas 5 cm2 and 550 cm2. It is filled with oil of density 520 kg/m3.
a) What mass must be placed on the small piston to support a car of mass 1500 kg at equal fluid levels?
this was no prob.
=13.61...
Homework Statement
A hydraulic lift has two connected pistons with cross-sectional areas 5 cm^2 and 550 cm^2. It is filled with oil of density 520 kg/m3.
a) What mass must be placed on the small piston to support a car of mass 1500 kg at equal fluid levels?
Homework Equations...
At a ride in an amusement part a cart, with a mass of 150 kg, rolls down a long curved hill. The height of the hill is 50 m and the length of the track that the cart follows is 300 m. As the cart rolls down the hill, it experiences both a rolling frictional force and air resistance. The net...