Hydraulics (from Greek: Υδραυλική) is a technology and applied science using engineering, chemistry, and other sciences involving the mechanical properties and use of liquids. At a very basic level, hydraulics is the liquid counterpart of pneumatics, which concerns gases. Fluid mechanics provides the theoretical foundation for hydraulics, which focuses on the applied engineering using the properties of fluids. In its fluid power applications, hydraulics is used for the generation, control, and transmission of power by the use of pressurized liquids. Hydraulic topics range through some parts of science and most of engineering modules, and cover concepts such as pipe flow, dam design, fluidics and fluid control circuitry. The principles of hydraulics are in use naturally in the human body within the vascular system and erectile tissue.
Free surface hydraulics is the branch of hydraulics dealing with free surface flow, such as occurring in rivers, canals, lakes, estuaries and seas. Its sub-field open-channel flow studies the flow in open channels.
The word "hydraulics" originates from the Greek word ὑδραυλικός (hydraulikos) which in turn originates from ὕδωρ (hydor, Greek for water) and αὐλός (aulos, meaning pipe).
Homework Statement
A hydraulic can crusher is shown in the figure. The large piston has an area of 8m2 and exerts a force F2 of magnitude 2x106 N on the cans. Calculate the magnitude of the force F1 exerted by the small piston (area 10cm2) on the fluid. Do not ignore that the large pistons...
Homework Statement
The small piston of a hydraulic lift has a diameter of 8.0 cm, and its large piston has a diameter of 40 cm. The lift raises a load of 15,000 N.
(a) Determine the force that must be applied to the small piston.
(b) Determine the pressure applied to the fluid in the...
Hi,
I posed some questions regarding the use of hydraulics before in this forum, and this time I would like to know if it is technically possible to use refrigerants or steam to drive a hydraulic cylinder. It's part of an organic rankine energy generation project I'm hoping to attempt. I have...
Homework Statement
A hydraulic brake system is shown. The
area of the piston in the master cylinder is
6.41 cm2, and the area of the piston in the
brake cylinder is 1.69 cm2. The coefficient of
kinetic friction between the brake shoe and
the wheel drum is 0.449.
How large is the...
hi, i m an undergraduate student an my final semester project is to develop a simulator for hydraulic system in any software. in simple words i want to model the system and show fluid flow through pipes.
anybody can please help me?/
Hi, can anyone let me know whether it is possible to use non-liquid fluids such as steam or compressed air to drive a hydraulic motor? We want to consider doing this for a new application. If the answer is yes, that's great. If the answer is no, how can one create a mechanism such that a supply...
Total pressure is a sum of the static pressure and the dynamic one, and is said to be the same along a pipe/duct.
In the water pipe gauge (static) pressure is maximal after the pump and minimal at the pipe outlet, but the speed and the density being the same, the dynamic pressure is the same...
Hi all :)
Which oil hydraulic motor type is most efficient to use for a reverse operation?
which means, instead of turning the motor to create oil pressure, you will actually use oil pressure to turn the motor.
I am looking for a motor for an application producing variable pressure from...
I wish to design several systems of radiant heating that use both transfer of heat and friction heating of the transfer fluid which will be some grade of oil (which can handle a wide temperature range and has reduced equipment wear). What I need is to know is the energy turned into heat given...
Hi,
It's been a long time since I've been to school, and never did specialize in physics. But I now have a series of many questions that will build on each other I am hoping someone can help me with. I can only ask so man questions in each session as my next question set will depend on...
Hi
Is there a way of transposing the formula to calculate the width (W) from a known height (H) and hydraulic diameter (Dh)?
Dh = (2xWxH)/(W+H)
Many thanks
Jon
I m making a hydraulic lift using syringes (piston and cylinder mechanism). can anyone suggest the combination of syringes for maximum displacement. will the scissor lift work properly?
Hello:
I am new at this. I am not an engineer . I want to build a firewood processor. I read several books on hydraulics and am now trying to design it.
I have a question on calculating motor requirements . If someone could review my calculations I would sincerely appreciate it .
I...
hey everyone, can someone please help me out with this one, I am a bit stuck with this
using the law F = PXA and F = mxa
calculate the pressure in a hydraulic cylinder, when the load of 375kg, is applied to the piston
piston diameter it 95mm
so far what i have worked out is as follows...
hello everyone,
In a hydraulic cylinder high amount of load is lifted by applying lower loads in smaller diameter side..
for example, if the diameters of two cylinders is 2cm and 4 cm and i applied a force of 10 N on the 2cm cylinder for 4m downwards. so now the 4cm diameter cylinder could...
Hi all
I am finally at senior design and I am looking to use hydraulics or pneumonics to be the driver of my load application system. I have zero experience with either so need some guidance.
The intention is to have a testing device which can apply loads around 500 -1000 pounds. in...
Hi,
I want to use a hydraulic cylinder to move another hydraulic cylinder but I don't want moving the 2nd cylinder to as easily move the 1st (doesnt have to be impossible, just harder). The system would be light duty and using large or heavy components wouldn't be appropriate. If there is some...
I've attached a PDF with a question related to hydraulics. I've answered (not sure if it was correctly) the first part of the question, but not sure where to start on the second.
Thank you for any help.
p.s. sorry for it being in PDF format. If someone is able to tell me how I can directly...
Hi,
I am planning to build a garage to park my two cars. Since I don't have much space for two vehicles, I am planning to build an underground car parking system with two levels.
For this, I need 4 synchronized cylinders for 4 corners. Load will be approx. 6000 lbs.
Can anyone of you...
Does anyone know how many cycles (extend / retract) that a hydraulic cylinder should be able to do before needing repair?
The specifics for the cylinder are that there is minimal (almost none) low frequency and low amplitude pulsing of pressure. The cylinder will cycle once every 5 minutes...
I'm running a test simulation on a Festo rig, with a hydraulic cylinder measuring 45mm internal diameter and 54mm external diameter. The testing requires an internal pressure of 60Bar with no external pressure applied. The strain gauge and setup I'm running it on I suspect to be faulty, and I...
"A hydraulic cylinder has an inner diameter 25mm, an outer diameter 34mm and an internal pressure of 60bar. Calculate the principal stresses on the cylinder surface."
2) Listed in the revision notes are several different equations for this question. I've tried each one from thick cylinders to...
I am now working on designing an simple hydraulic circuit and is finding a suitable radiator for the circuit.
I found a manufacturer (American Industrial Heat Transfer Inc.) providing the equation as follow:
Cooling Power (kw/’C) = [Heat Generated(kw) x Cv ]/[Fluid Exit Temp. – incoming...
need a hydraulic pump (gpm) ? to drive a hydraulic motor (torque)? - that has to replace a 16 horsepower gas engine - to drive a snowblower at 1000 rpm,s what is the formula for this? pump would be driven at arpox 3,000 rpm
Hydraulic systems problem, need help urgently
I need to get an idea of what kind of forces one can get with real world hydraulic systems. I need to be able to deliver a huge force very quickly. The magnitude of the force should be enough to accelerate a 50kg cylinder to 22m/s over a distance of...
Homework Statement
I want to calculate the areas of a hydraulic oil pump which will be used to lift a load(car). My load ratio is 50:1 and i want to transfer this power using a lever. I want the second piston to travel to max position on approximately 40 strokes. Also i want the ratio of the...
Hi, I am doing a project in college and i need to get a hydraulic system designed and priced. I have a good understanding of what I required for the sytem, A 10 kw motor, four 80mm diameter bore and 30 mm rod diameter cylinders, a 4/3 directional control valve a check valve and a non return...
hi guys
am designing a trolley hydraulic jack .. am asked to do a lay out of the arm lifting the wieght ..
would you help me how to do good lay out of my lifting pad??
OK very crude first sketch let me try to explain and you tell me if it sounds remotely workeable.
Likemany other eco nuts after the holy grail of energy, I'm trying to brainstorm a low cost solar CHP system. I'm of the opinion that passive solar is always going to win on a BTU/$ collected and...
hydraulic tonnage question Help
I have a small machine shop. I need to build a 600 ton press. I have a 300 ton press now. Can I simply add a 300 ton cylinder to the other end of my existing press and get 600 tons on an object in the middle or is tonnage not additive?
Homework Statement
A hydraulic lift is used to jack a 970 kg car .12m off the floor. The diameter of the output piston is .18 m, and the input force is 270 N.
If the input piston moves .13 m in each stroke, how high does the car move up for each stroke?
2-3. Relevant equations and attempt at...
Hey everyone,
I've got a problem here and I'm looking for a simple solution.
Basically, I need to keep a consistent hydraulic head between two points of a vertical drainage pipe. I have a sump pump and two electronic float valves (that I purchased separately). What I want to do is wire the...
We are designing a foot pedal mechanism to actuate two hydraulic pistion pumps.
But the torque to actuate a pump is more than 50In-lbs at full stroke. In addition, a
spring is used to make the control shaft of a pump return to its neutral position.
Totally the torque to actuate a pump is...
This came up in class today and based on the equations it makes sense, but logically I can't get my head around this.
Let's say we've got a hydraulic system with two pistons:
Piston 1: 2cm2
Piston 2: 12cm2
Piston 1 moves a distance of 21cm, which according to A1D1=A2D2 means that Piston...
Hey Respected seniors,
I want to know that how the hydraulic motor works?
Im working as a trainee engineer in a company..
I watch daily a machine that have hydraulic motor, pump, solenoid valve...
All these things are for the movement of a shaft which is connected to a jack( I see, there...
Homework Statement
Working through 5.17 problem in Bedford 5th edition (Engineering Statics) p214
"The hydraulic piston AB exerts a 2000 N force on the ladder at B in the direction parallel to the piston. Determine the weight of the ladder and the reactions at C."
piston between A and B on...
Homework Statement
Piston 1 in the figure below has a diameter of 0.31 in.; Piston 2 has a diameter of 1.7 in. In the absence of friction, determine the force vector F necessary to support the 500 lb weight.
Homework Equations
F1/A1=F2/A2
The Attempt at a Solution
I used...
i hope someone can help i have a question.
i two hdyraulic cylinders. cyl #1 must extend then retract when cyl 1 is retracted, cyl2 must extend then retract but i can only use dcv how can this be done what type dcv must i useand if possible a drawing would be great.
thank you in advance...
I'm studying about Thermal Hydraulic. When i read book :"NUCLEAR SYSTEMS I Thermal Hydraulic Fundamentals" - Neil E. Todreas and Mujid S. Kazimi.
I don't understand about : calculate "Minimum critical power ratio" & calculate "Pumping power" in problem:
a) Calculate the minimum critical...
hi everyone,
i am a new entrant to this forum. can anyone help me to solve this issue.
i have a hydraulic cylinder arrangement which delivers 100N force at 4m/sec with a stroke length of 128mm. i need to convert this linear force to run a cylindrical roller.
what will be the torque it...
Homework Statement
In a hydraulic lift the radii of the pistons are 1.75cm and 10.5cm. A car weighing 18.5kN is to be lifted by the force of the large piston.
a.) what force must be applied to the small piston?
b.) when the small piston is pushed 1.00cm, how far is the car lifted?
c.) find...
Where I work we machine hubs for agricultural equipment. Currently we are having an issue pressing the cups\races into the hubs. The cups have a.001 inference fit with the bore of the hub. The hub dia is 3.2675" and the cup has a 3.2685" dia. the surface finish of the hub is 125 and I am not...
This is not a homework problem, just a discussion problem between engineers,. I would like to see what anwers others get.
Given: A 24 inch diameter water main is operating at 40 lbs/sq. in.. A small hole is drilled in the top of the water main (not buried).
Find: To what height will the...
Hi everyone,
I did not get a reply in 3 weeks under mechanical engineeting... trying here.
Here is practical question mixing compressible and none compressible fluids with a hydraulic press. Can the following actually work ? I believe it can but some experience people in this field looking...
Hi everyone,
Here is practical question mixing compressible and none compressible fluids with a hydraulic press. Can the following actually work ? I believe it can but some experience people in this field looking at it may prove me wrong.
Say we have a sphere, 1 cubic meter in volume. The...
Book Suggestion urgent
Hi guys I don't know if I m posting at the right place but can some one suggest a good book to study Hydraulic , pneumatic & electro pneumatic circuits
I just want to learn the basics( direction control valves , solenoids etc) basic circuits
things like meter in...
I am attempting to calculate the pressure at the bottom of a bottle at the moment of impact. I have calculated the force of impact ,but now I am unsure if this will be the same force (approx) applied to the top of the liquid to determine the hydraulic pressure at the bottom of the bottle.
In...
Just have a question about how hydraulics work...
When a hydraulic pushes a mass away from the ground, does it apply the same force as to when it pushes the same mass towards the ground? I'm wondering if gravity assists it when its pushing it towards the ground and therefore can apply a lower...