What is Motor: Definition and 1000 Discussions

An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert one form of energy into mechanical energy. Heat engines convert heat into work via various thermodynamic processes. The internal combustion engine is perhaps the most common example of a heat engine, in which heat from the combustion of a fuel causes rapid pressurisation of the gaseous combustion products in the combustion chamber, causing them to expand and drive a piston, which turns a crankshaft. Electric motors convert electrical energy into mechanical motion, pneumatic motors use compressed air, and clockwork motors in wind-up toys use elastic energy. In biological systems, molecular motors, like myosins in muscles, use chemical energy to create forces and ultimately motion.

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  1. Z

    Increasing the output torque of a DC motor with gears

    Hello everyone, I see videos showing the output torque can be increased by using gears and this is usually demonstrated with DC motors (simple DC motors can be removed from toys). I understand the general logic: * The DC rotates in a high speed. * The gear system reduces the output speed. * If...
  2. A

    Universal motor with commutator, recovering the back EMF?

    So while thinking about motors this suddenly struck me, So as the universal series wound motor is spinning there is always some arcing going on around the place where the brushes contact the copper segments that slide past them, I assume this is at least partly because as each coil pair of the...
  3. H

    Motor Control Test: Check Setup AC Drive & Motor

    Hello So i was curious to know, what kind of tests you guys would run on a setup, for an AC drive and motor, to see if the controlling works properly? kind regards
  4. A

    Motor / transformer variable frequency control

    few questions 1) is it true that for a 50 or 60hz induction motor maximum torque is achieved from 0hz up to design hz and if an VFD is used and frequency is increased above 50 or 60hz like 100hz the rpm will increase but the available torque will decrease? Is the reason behind this the fact...
  5. I

    Motor circuit breaker - connections

    Why we use such connection between 4 and 5 terminals? Why the transformer isn't connected via 2 and 4 terminals from CB, the voltage will still be 380V because it's between two phases? In such situation the terminals 5 and 6 will stay unused, why not on this way?
  6. J

    Homopolar Motor: Energy Input, Output, & Magnetic Field

    I was curious in regards to a homopolar motor where the energy imparted into the rotor comes from if the energy input is say 10v at 1000 amps and there is 10v 1000amps output. Aswell if the effect of the magnetic field produces a different power on the rim of the disk vs the input from the...
  7. M

    How to determine the power of a rotary lobe pump?

    Want to know how to get the actual power the pump needs. I can measure the flow rate by the flow meter and count the revolutions of the pump. But selecting the proper motor for the pump would be a problem. So I want to know how to determine the power of the rotary lobe pump and generate the...
  8. J

    Electrical Snow blower motor -- why two windings?

    I have my field windings on the bench and it has a heavy and light wire wound in pareral there are three wires off the field windings . It looks like to me after testing switch with ohm metter positive turns on motor but when switch is in on position green wire off switch is not connected to...
  9. O

    Analytical mathematical modeling of the torque caused by the laundry

    Hello my dear physicists, I'm trying to model the varied generated (needed)Torque to rotate a washing machine Drum during a Washing Process so i assumed that the Model has as Input the target vilocity and as an Output the new needed torque to rotate the Drum(to be as a input for the motor...
  10. NTL2009

    Electrical A speed limiter for a Universal Motor in an old Lionel Train

    I have a "262 Lionel Line" O gauge train, from the early 1930's. It has sentimental value, my Father-In-Law (RIP) got it as a gift when he was about age 10. I've set it up each Christmas, a short track around the tree. But it is difficult to control, the gearing is high (it goes fast), so...
  11. O

    The torque (and stalling torque) of a servo motor

    I'm using a servo to lift a pen. The pen and a bit of mechanism weights 35g. The servo I use to bring the pen up and down claims to have a torsional moment of 1.5kg/cm. Sometimes they call it torque in the specs. But surely that does not mean they are claiming that if I hung a 1.5kg weight a 1...
  12. PainterGuy

    Some basic questions about a DC motor and a DC generator

    Hi, The picture below shows a DC generator. The magnetic field is uniform. As the coil rotates clockwise, the right side of coil is moving downward and the left side of coil moves upward. Using Fleming's right hand rule, one can deduce the direction of conventional current in both sides of...
  13. Scottydntno

    How can I wire a bipolar stepper motor to switches for my laser engraver?

    Hello everyone, I currently bought a Z axis table for my laser engraver. I am trying to hook the stepper motor up separately. I currently have a 12v transformer, a capacitor, 2 push button switches and one 3 way switch along with the stepper motor. Is there any way I can wire the stepper to the...
  14. kolleamm

    Why do the phases of a motor spin the rotor?

    Assuming we have a 3 phase motor I've always wondered why is it that the rotor spins rather than just being compleltly pulled towards the direction of the phase or the electromagnet? What causes that angular movement?
  15. PainterGuy

    Induction motor and Lenz's law

    Hi, The shown below, Figure 1, is an interaction of magnetic fields of stator and rotor of a squirrel cage induction motor. I believe the current is coming out of the squirrel cage bar on the left and entering on the right as is shown below, Figure 2. I have assumed that the bars highlighted in...
  16. A

    Possibility of turning a threaded rod with spur gears using a motor

    So I'm a college student currently doing A-Level Physics, I am attempting to build a type 4 double arm barn door tracker and although it has been a complicated project, I believe I've got all the planning done, however, I have a 2Rpm motor, a PWM motor controller, 2 9v batteries, an M8 threaded...
  17. berkeman

    Medical Stem Cell Injections Improve Motor, Sensory Function Post Spinal Cord Injury

    This is a wonderful area of active research. Early in my EE career, I was interested in trying to use IC-scale nerve interfaces to bypass spinal cord injuries, but the science of interfacing electronics to nerve cells for long-term use was not developed enough. Even today, it is a problematic...
  18. J

    Engineering Finding Torque and Half Rated Torque in DC Shunt Motors

    Homework Equations: E=V-IaRa n2 = (n1×E2)/E1 If = V/Rf V×Ia T∝ΦIa E∝ΦN i) V = 500v, N1 = 600RPM, It = 45A, Rf = 220Ω, Ra = 0.3Ω It = Ia + If If = V/Rf = 500/220 = 2.273A Ia = It - If = 45 - 2.273 = 42.727A Now: T∝ΦIa and if the flux per pole is constant then T∝Ia So Ia when the Torque falls...
  19. F

    What causes an AC motor to pull locked rotor amps?

    When an alternating current motor first turns on, what causes an alternating current motor to pull locked rotor amps for approximately one second after first turning on as opposed to just pulling the same amount of amps the entire time? What causes the amperage on an AC motor to drop after...
  20. J

    Help Walk Me Thru Motor Sizing Calculations Please

    Summary: Hello; i am trying to work my way thru some motor sizing calculations on a semi-simple example so that i can more easily do it in the future. Could i get some guidance? Hello: I am trying to develop a good system for sizing motors (generally steppers). In the past i just guesstimated...
  21. N

    Can you help me calculate the required torque and power of this motor?

    Hi everyone, I want to rotate this (see attached image) platform at a speed of 20 RPM. To this end, I have to calculate the torque and power of a motor required. I have done preliminary calculations, however the numbers I'm getting doesn't seem right. For example, I'm getting that the torque...
  22. Kermit_the_Phrog

    Acceleration of a mass lowered by a motor (Help with Non-Ideal Pulley)

    Summary: Non - ideal pulley question, should be easy but has got me good Hey guys, looking for some help on this pulley question. It involves torque, and works with Newton's 2nd law in conjunction with a non-ideal pulley. Text of question: " When the motor in the figure below lowers the m =...
  23. K

    What kind of an electric motor with a reducer is needed for this?

    Homework Statement: what kind of electric motor with reducer is needed? Homework Equations: what kind of electric motor with reducer is needed? what kind of electric motor with reducer is needed? speed 55mm/s <moved to EE forum>
  24. P

    Single motor sequence mechanism

    Hello! I'm currently in the process of making a moving cosplay prop, and as a perfectionist, I'd like it to move exactly like the original. Kind of like in this animation: https://www.deviantart.com/ace-wong/art/RWBY-Qrow-s-Weapon-Animation-606779918 The problem I've stumbled upon, is how to...
  25. weilam06

    Work done by an electric motor to drive elevator

    https://www.physicsforums.com/attachments/250022 For the part (a), set the tension of the string that pulls the elevator be ##T_1## and the tension that pushes the counterweight be ##T_2##. Then we have the following equations: $$T_1−1200g=1200 \cdot 1.5$$ $$1000g−T_2=1000 \cdot (−1.5)$$ where...
  26. N

    What are the advantages of a solenoid motor over an electric motor?

    Can force produced by solenoid be converted to mechanical force and be more efficient than electric motor's force?
  27. P

    High Current 12V DC motor speed control

    Hi. I am new here. I have a question on how to speed control a DC motor running a pump. The pump is a seawater cooling pump cooling a large V8 motor. Therefore I need to control the RPM, based on the temp of the V8 Motor. Any ideas?
  28. O

    Wiring a permanent split capacitor motor

    Greetings This query is regarding a 5 wire induction motor without a wiring diagram from a washing machine, one permanent capacitor, no centrifugal switch. here its 240v 50hz I would appreciate someone explaining how to actually figure out the connections after measuring the resistance of the...
  29. crooper

    Decreasing Motor Torque Requirement With a Gearbox

    hi, I'm working on a rotational system, and my goal is to rotate a 500kg(1100lbs) load to 90° in 1.5 seconds. Inertia of load makes system hard to accelerate and decelerate. I designed a gear system but still motor needs too much torque. Is there any possible method to decrease motor torque...
  30. adamaero

    Compiles, and motor driver shields work individually--but not together

    I don't have a debugger yet, but my company is getting one... In the mean time, I've been un/commenting out parts of Mbed's code. Their Hello World program is available from this website, and it can be used directly in their online IDE by clicking "Import Program"...
  31. N

    Engineering Calculating Efficiency and Speed of a DC Motor at Half-Load Torque

    First some basic figures which are very rounded as I'm interested in the approach to the problem rather than accuracy of the answer at this stage: The field current will be 500/220 = 2.2727 Amps, and so power is a fixed loss at 1136.36 Watts The armature current is 45 - 2.2727 = 42.72 Amps. At...
  32. K

    Troubleshooting a DC Compound Motor: Negative Effects and Solutions

    What are the negative effects (if any) of running a compound DC motor with the series field open? I’m troubleshooting a 100hp recoiler motor on a metal slitter machine that constantly blows line and load fuses. It is on a DC drive. The drive has been replaced and the motor has been rewound. The...
  33. dvscrobe

    Engineering Reverse Current PMDC Motor Braking Using Power Electronics

    Summary: How do you determine the armature current during the braking time? For a simple permanent magnet DC motor with a known resistance and inductance in series with the armature, I would like to know how to determine the armature current if there was an electronic motor drive controlling...
  34. C

    Engineering Understanding Windage/Friction Losses in Induction Motors

    So I've attached my graph and found that the windage/friction losses occur roughly around 230Watts. I just don't know how i further explain the magnetising current I0. I know I0 = input current on no load. So do i assumed from P = √3 x VL x IL x CosФ that CosФ=230/√3*220*6.8= 0.0849 or...
  35. P

    Design problem with a constant torque motor

    I’ve been trying to design a counterbalance system using a constant torque motor spring assembly. The spring I’m looking at has 25.4kg cm torque on the shaft from the output drum. So if I put a 100mm diameter cable drum on this shaft I should be able to counterbalance 5kg over the given...
  36. CristianEc

    Air Motor Applications for Shredders and Choppers

    Hi everyone! My name is Cristian and I would like to ask you for advice. I am trying to build a shredder for solid recycled plastics (particularly PP and PE) and I am seeking and motor to rotate the shaft of this device. Specifically, I require a motor with a 75 RPM speed and over 20 Nm torque...
  37. E

    How do I select the right motor and gear ratio for a mid-drive e-Bike?

    Hey all! I am working on my first ebike build and posted a question about friction drives earlier. Now, I have decided to go with a Mid-drive. I made calculations and found out the torque and rpm required for the build. But I am having difficulty find the right motor and gear ratio. I am trying...
  38. George-M

    Number of Turns vs. Wire Gauge (BLDC Motor)

    Summary: For the same mass of copper wire, would more turns or greater thickness create a stronger magnetic field from a coil? So I am attempting to make a brush less DC motor, and I am wondering whether the coils would create a greater magnetic force if there are more turns or if the wire is...
  39. Quix270

    What is better to feed a 500W asynchronous motor?

    What is better to feed a 500w asynchronous motor, an asynchronous or synchronous aerogenerator of 1kw? Why is a asynchronous/synchronous aereogenerator better in this case? Thanks you
  40. S

    How important is it to keep an air motor warm?

    My plan is to use the compressor at work as a free ride to and from work. I want to install an air tank (a rated one, not an improvised one) onto a bicycle and then run an air motor to turn the wheel (with whatever gears etc needed to make it work). I will probably be using an air tool, such as...
  41. N

    Lenz's Law for a rotating PM motor rotor spinning in a thin CU tube

    The motor is required to operate at its resonance frequency and I am looking to add a thin-walled (0.010") copper tube inside the stator bore to add some damping. The current motor air-gap is 0.015". If I install a copper tube in the stator bore bonded to the stator and leave a 0.005" air-gap...
  42. F

    What causes locked rotor amps on a motor?

    When an electric motor first starts running, the motor will draw approximately 5X the normal amp draw of the motor for approximately the first half second that the motor runs. The amps that an electric motor draws for about half a second that are about 5X the normal amp draw of the motor are...
  43. yangshi

    Phenomenon for lip motor boating?

    Randomly popped in my mind when trying to design microvalves and no idea where to post this... Lip motorboating is when you exhale with your mouth closed, causing your lips to flap like a horse and make a fart sound. My question is not what causes the sound but what causes the lip vibration. Any...
  44. T

    Calculate the speed of the flywheel for my drone motor

    I have drone motor with propellers attached to the top of ring flywheels rim at the edge and the flywheel is 18 inches in diameter and weigh's 2kg. The drone motor with propellers rpm 5200 and thrust 900 grams. What rpm will the flywheel be rotating at.
  45. M

    Pulley Diameter knowing only force and motor specifications

    Hello, How to determine the pulley diameters? The only know factors are listed below. The smaller pulley is attached to a motor that drives the belt drive system. The bigger pulley is driven and has a lifting force of 45N. Known factors: Motor: Pololu 70:1 37Dx54L mm 12V...
  46. A

    AC Induction motor startup current

    Friend gave me this task he had back in school to calculate the necessary amperage for a fuse that is put in series with one of the phases for a 3 phase induction motor. I could calculate the working current of the motor from the rated kW and cos voltage/current angle, but I couldn't figure out...
  47. Rob45327

    What are the voltage and current in motor brushes?

    Summary: I'm rewiring an antique 1 amp universal motor (AC or DC). The two field coils need new brush leads so I have to buy new wire for them and I don't know the voltage. If the motor is running on 110 Volts is it 110 volts at the brushes? The motor is speed is variable and mechanical...
  48. A

    How to stop a steering wheel using an electric motor?

    Problem Statement: i have a steering wheel mounted on an electric motor, and i want to stop the driver from going beyond a certain angle. i can read the torque applied by the driver, and the steering wheel angular velocity as well. how can i stop the steering wheel, without sending it harshely...
  49. cnh1995

    Wrong answer key for this Induction Motor question?

    So this question was asked in GATE-2019 (EE). (GATE is the national Engineering post-graduate entrance exam in India and is conducted every year by one of the 7 top IITs (Indian Institute of Technology) and IISc Bangalore. This year, it was conducted by IIT Madras.) The answer I found in the...
  50. UMath1

    DC Motor Working Principles: Are Both Explanations of the Rotor Valid?

    I've seen two different explanations on the working principle of DC motors: One considers the rotor as a loop of wire that experiences a torque because current flow is perpendicular to an external magnetic field. The other describes the loop as an electromagnet which then experiences a torque...
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