What is Sigma: Definition and 228 Discussions

Sigma (uppercase Σ, lowercase σ, lowercase in word-final position ς; Greek: σίγμα) is the eighteenth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 200. In general mathematics, uppercase ∑ is used as an operator for summation. When used at the end of a letter-case word (one that does not use all caps), the final form (ς) is used. In Ὀδυσσεύς (Odysseus), for example, the two lowercase sigmas (σ) in the center of the name are distinct from the word-final sigma (ς) at the end.

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  1. 1

    Sigma Notation Help: Writing 5, 10, 17, 26

    Homework Statement i need help writing in sigma notaion the numbers are 5,10,17,26
  2. P

    Sigma Algebra Operations: Examples

    What are some examples of sigma algebra operations?
  3. G

    Sigma notation: What exactly is i?

    I've kind of got this approximating the area of a plane region down, but I don't know what i really is. The book calls it the "index of summation", which might as well be a foreign language. On a similar note, what is c sub i? Thanks.
  4. M

    Product Sigma Algebra (generated)

    Dear mates, I run into a difficulty on the captioned area and am looking forward for enlightenments. Consider two measurable spaces (X,A) and (Y,B). The standard way to generate the product sigma algebra (XxY,AxB) is to consider the smallest sigma algebra that contains: Ring/Algebra-...
  5. K

    Can Sigma Notation Solve This Complex Series?

    must express this series using sigma notation 5+5+5/2+5/6+5/24+... i would be extremely grateful for some help I know that you use the infinite symbol and it goes above sigma and then n=1 below it. i also have used the arithmetic series equations and geometric equations on several...
  6. A

    Infinite Series: sigma n^2/(n^2 +1)

    If I take the limit on the sum... I get 1/1 = 1 If the limit does NOT = 0 then sigma f(x) diverges...I'm not quite sure I follow this... Does this mean that in order for the equation to converge, the sum (sigma) must be = to 0?
  7. A

    Infinite Series: sigma (2^n)+1/(2^n+1)

    i'm not quiet sure how to attack this problem: sigma (2^n)+1/(2^(n+1)) n->1 If I start plugging in #'s for n, then I get: n=1: 3/4 n=2: 5/8 n=3: 9/16... by this method, I see that it's going to 1/2, but I need another way to 'see' that. Any suggestions?
  8. L

    1st order sigma delta modulator in VHDL-AMS (SMASH)

    Homework Statement i meet a problem that is the integrator in the VHDL-AMS cannot not be compiled. and come out this statement: "work_inter_bhv.cpp: In member function `short int WORK::INTER_BHV::AmsBim(long int, TRANS_PARAM_BIM*)': work_inter_bhv.cpp:378: error: `VIP_INTEG_INTEG_q6_row'...
  9. R

    Algabreic Manipulation of Sigma Notation

    Even though this question deals mostly with arithmetic and geometic series, this notation is used in linear algebra and differential geomety quite a bit so I will inquire of this matter here. What are the rules for algabreically dealing with sigma notation. When you change the value of an...
  10. D

    Summation Sigma: How Can It Be Used?

    (This is not a homework question!) I have no education in this kind of math yet, but I wonder how many ways you are allowed to use the summation sign sigma. I can't seem to get a good explanation on google or wikipedia. Since I like to try myself with tex, I will write an example of it...
  11. B

    Question about Sigma and Sum Notation

    Here is the problem I'm at currently. I'm not sure that I'm on the right track or not. Also I'm not sure what numbers I should be plugging into the equation. I think it would be 2 through 6 but...? The sum of elements in the set {ti | i = 3 } #7 on top of sigma notation tn = 2n - 1, n...
  12. S

    What is the significance of the 2 - 3 sigma limit in statistical measurements?

    Hi all, I'm reading some journal articles and in many of them, when they quote a result, they add 'at the 2 to 3 sigma limit.' I realize this is some sort of statistical quantity, but what exactly does it mean, and do lower values of sigma mean better results? Thanks
  13. L

    Sigma sign in chemistry vs math

    Hi there, We are about to use that sigma sign in chemistry we have however not got told about it in math. SO therefore I am asking you if you could give me a brief introduction to it and how to use it and etc.
  14. S

    How Do You Solve This Sigma Notation Problem?

    Help! We need to solve the following problem: ∞ r-1 find x if ∑ (3x/2) = 4 r=1 We know the answer is 1/2, but we have no idea how they got that answer. Can anyone help? Thanks, Sammie
  15. O

    Sigma Notation and string of numbers

    Trying to help my son & I am in Waaaaay over my head. He has a string of numbers and needs to come up with the correct Sigma Notation equation. 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96
  16. P

    Exploring the Properties of \Sigma: \beta, x, y, z

    Let \Sigma = { \beta,x,y,z} where \beta denotes a blank, so x\beta \neq x, \beta \beta \neq \beta, and x\betay \neq xy but x \lambday = xy. Compute each of the following: 1: \parallel \lambda \parallel 2: \parallel \lambda \lambda \parallel 3: \parallel \beta \parallel 4...
  17. E

    Sigma Polarisation: Learn What it is & How It's Defined

    can anyone point me in the right direction to somewhere i can find out about sigma polarisation. i want to know how it is defined. thanks
  18. R

    Sum of 2^N Sequence from 1-50: Solving Sigma Notation Problem

    Okay, I think this problem relates with sigma notation (I'm not good at it) the sequence given is 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 ... It wants you to find the sum from 1-50 So the equation thing is 2^N? How do you find all the sums again...? Thanks
  19. C

    Why Sigma in the Heat Equation?

    Hey all, I've been working on learning to solve some PDE's. To do this I've been reading other people's tutorials. Here's one on the heat equation: http://www-solar.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~alan/MT2003/PDE/node21.html This is pretty much the same as the others I've read on the heat equation...
  20. P

    Extending Lebesgues Measure: Is it Possible?

    I'm now studying Lebesgues measure on R^n, and when we finished constructing L (all measurable sets), we moved on to Borel sets and so on. My question is, is there is no way of extending the Lebesgues measure on a larger family than L? Can it be done while still saving the nice properties of...
  21. L

    QM- Tiny question on sigma & pi bonding states

    Could somebody please explain the 2-fold degenerate sigma 2p is lower in energy than that of 4-fold degenerate the pi 2p bondings state in the O2 molecule? Does it have anything to do with resonance energies perhaps?
  22. D

    Using Sigma Notation to Prove \sum_{k=M}^{N} 2^{-k} = 2(2^{-M} - 2^{-N})

    Show that: \sum_{k=0}^{N} a_k = \sum_{k=M}^{M+N} a_{k-M} I did this, my answer is: \sum_{k=0}^{N} a_k = a_0 + a_1 + a_2 + ... + a_N \sum_{k=M}^{M+N} a_{k-M} = a_{M-M} + a_{M+1-M} + a_{M+2-M} + ... + a_{M+N-M} = a_0 + a_1 + a_2 + ... + a_N Now, I have to use this to prove that: \sum_{k=M}^{N}...
  23. K

    Prove by Beta and Sigma limit definition

    Please any help. Use the symbols \beta and \sigma definition of limit to prove that limit (x,y)\Longrightarrow(0,0)x+y/x\x^2+y\y^2=0
  24. M

    The question:Rewriting Series with Sigma Notation

    Series and "Sigma" Notation I have been revising over the sigma/sequences and series chapters, this is the second question now where i have had different answers to the book - yet- my answers seem to work - i think... The question : Write in \sum notation 1 - 2 + 4 - 8 + 16 - 32...
  25. D

    How is Sigma Used in Mathematics?

    wondering how "sigma" is used I think this is the right forum. I wondering how "sigma" is used, the definition is summation but what does that mean, is it just the sum? Can some 1 give me an example of how it works. Thnx.
  26. X

    Calculating the Sum of a Series with Sigma Notation

    7 ---- \ / 1 <- *note: the 1 should be more to the right. ---- N=3 Ok, this might be dumb :blushing: , but it think the answer for this is 1 but I'm just making sure. cuz i know that for example if it is 7 ---- \ /...
  27. L

    Unlocking the Mystery of Sigma: What It Is and How It Works

    I would like to know what sigma is and what it does. What is sigma? What does it stand for? How does it work? Do you have any examples of how it works? any help would be appreciated (im not sure if this should be in the calc section or not)
  28. R

    Infinite sheet of chargejust on sigma stuff

    An infinite nonconducting sheet of charge, oriented perpendicular to the x-axis, passes through x = 0. It has area density s1 = -3 µC/m2. A thick, infinite conducting slab, also oriented perpendicular to the x-axis, occupies the region between x = a and x = b, where a = 3 cm and b = 4 cm. The...
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