What is Solar: Definition and 1000 Discussions

Solar power is the conversion of energy from sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), indirectly using concentrated solar power, or a combination. Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and solar tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. Photovoltaic cells convert light into an electric current using the photovoltaic effect.Photovoltaics were initially solely used as a source of electricity for small and medium-sized applications, from the calculator powered by a single solar cell to remote homes powered by an off-grid rooftop PV system. Commercial concentrated solar power plants were first developed in the 1980s. As the cost of solar electricity has fallen, the number of grid-connected solar PV systems has grown into the millions and gigawatt-scale photovoltaic power stations are being built. Solar PV is rapidly becoming an inexpensive, low-carbon technology to harness renewable energy from the Sun. The current largest photovoltaic power station in the world is the Pavagada Solar Park, Karnataka, India with a generation capacity of 2050 MW.The International Energy Agency projected in 2014 that under its "high renewables" scenario, by 2050, solar photovoltaics and concentrated solar power would contribute about 16 and 11 percent, respectively, of worldwide electricity consumption, and solar would be the world's largest source of electricity. Most solar installations would be in China and India. In 2019, solar power generated 2.7% of the world's electricity, growing over 24% from the previous year. As of October 2020, the unsubsidised levelised cost of electricity for utility-scale solar power is around $36/MWh.

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  1. Dr Wu

    Still confused about solar flares..

    I seek from an SF writing point of view some much-needed clarification about solar flares, in particular their shortwave radiation components. So, given that x-rays, gammas and the like, propagate through space at light-speed - along with the rest of the electromagnetic spectrum - I take it then...
  2. marellasunny

    500 kg Solar CSP reflector dish mechanism problem

    I am currently re-fabricating solar concentrator dishes to allow for automatic tracking of the sun during the day and month. The industry term for these dishes is 'CSP' (Concentrated Solar Power). Task at hand: The CSP parabolic dishes are currently manually adjusted to the position of the sun...
  3. L

    B Top 3 candidates in our solar system to host microbial life from Earth

    Assume that you are commissioned to select three solar system bodies (planets or moons) to deposit a colony of bacteria or microbes of your choice outside (i.e. either on the surface or underground, but not in any man-made enclosure). No resources from Earth (such as food, water, organic...
  4. Buzz Bloom

    I Constraints on Dark Matter in the Solar System

    I wonder if someone can tell me if I have interpreted the cited article correctly. https://arxiv.org/abs/1306.5534 The article seems to have calculated upper bounds on the density of DM for different parts of our solar system. We have found that ρdm is less than 1.1⋅10−20 g cm−3 at the orbital...
  5. hikari1987

    Joule heating in internal resistances of a solar cell

    Hi , How can I calculate the resistive heating occurring in the internal resistances of a solar cell ? Are ohm's law or the power dissipation relation P=RI2 applicable in this case ? if not the case how can we calculate the resistive heating there? Thank you in advance for your help
  6. X

    Scaling The Solar System By A Factor ##\alpha##

    I am given the solution to the first part of the problem, however not the second part - would appreciate for someone to double check my work! Cheers. 1. Homework Statement If a scale model of the solar system is made using materials of the same respective average density as the sun and...
  7. Clara Chung

    Why Does Arranging Solar Cells in Series and Parallel Increase Power Output?

    Homework Statement My book states that solar cells are joined in series and in parallel to give a greater power because P=VI is increased by increasing V and I. Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution I assume that the current in the solar cells depend on the intensity of sunlight. The...
  8. Clara Chung

    Question about solar cell construction

    Why must we place the anti-reflection glass on top of the n type semiconductor? ( Why must the sun light incident on the n type semiconductor? )
  9. B

    Calculating Power with Solar Cells: Series vs. Parallel

    So I am trying to figure out how much Wh I would have with these solar cells I have. Each solar cell is rated to have 2.8w. Does this mean if I have 40 of them I would have 112 wh? I am going to be putting the solar cells in series. Does this affect the power? I know adding in series is good...
  10. A

    B Temperature in the space between planets of our solar system?

    I know that the overall temperature of the universe is microwaves at 3 Kelvin or so from the Big Bang, but is this mostly for deep space? Or is this pretty much the temperature in our solar system also, assuming a coordinates some distance away from any of our planets but still within our solar...
  11. J

    Solar Energy Conversion at Night

    This is a fun thought experiment; Why not have space based mirrors to reflect light down to Earth at night to make solar do a little extra generating! The cost of solar is coming down and the cost of lifting things into orbit is coming down, so why not. Plus gold is very reflective, light...
  12. J

    Coal Exhaust Making a Solar Updraft Tower Work

    I was thinking of ways of making carbon cleaner for the environment. One of the ways I came up with is filling a solar updraft tower https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_updraft_tower with the exhaust from a gas/coal plant. So you'd get a true greenhouse gas accumulation of heat going in the...
  13. P

    Solar Cell Current increases as Resistance increases Problem

    Hi everyone, so I'm trying to achieve IV curves based on how this website had done below: http://www.voltaicsystems.com/blog/solar-charger-tutorial-part-2/ But whenever I increase the resistance, the amperage increases rather than decreases! For example, when I use a 500 ohm resistor the...
  14. H

    Solar Panel - Voltage and Current from Spectral Radiance

    Homework Statement i)A beam of light at wavelength 600nm, with spectral width of 4nm and spectral radiance of 1300 Wm-2μm-1, illuminates an area of 10cm2 . What is the voltage this beam could generate if converted to energy? ii) What current could this beam produce? iii) How would the current...
  15. Chris Miller

    B How would the solar system appear if you approached at near c?

    Approaching Earth from 100 light years (by Earth's measurement) at the fastest theoretically (not practically) possible velocity where from your relative near-c frame the distance is foreshortened to 1 Planck length and a century elapses in Earth's time frame to 1 Planck time in yours, how would...
  16. caters

    Completely solar powered engine -- is my design good?

    The engine of a solar car I am designing(for my fictional stories but I would like a scientific point of view on this) is literally a DC circuit combined with mechanical force. First of all, there is a rechargeable battery. I would say it is about 24V fully charged. There are 2 wires coming off...
  17. hsdrop

    B Measurements within our solar system with relativity in mind

    ok I know that anybody in the heavens will bend spacetime with the gravity it has. What I was wondering was how do we measure around them like from the Earth to mars. When Mars in now quit on the opposite side of the sun ( so we can see it at sunset). do we measure the parabolic curve in...
  18. petrushkagoogol

    I Are all planets in our Solar System in the same plane?

    Are all planets in our Solar System in the same plane ? :))
  19. C

    System Design of a Solar Power System

    Homework Statement I'm doing an assignment on cathodic protection systems using solar energy and have no idea on how to construct an efficient system. All the ones online are too basic and don't specify whether the panels are in series or parallel or not. I've calculated that the system needs...
  20. pug

    Small solar panel large toy car

    I am working on building a solar powered toy car for my own edification. The problem I have is that I do not have enough power to start and continue the dc motor(s). I could add a bigger solar panel but I am trying to think of a way that the solar panel could simply collect the energy, store...
  21. pug

    Can a capacitor start a toy car?

    Hi, I am trying to build a solar powered toy car. And no its not for my son, its for my own curiosity. The problem I am having is that...while the solar panel is sufficient to rapidly turn the (4) micromotors 6 inches away from a lightbulb it isn't sufficient to even turn the wheels when I put...
  22. S

    Self-cleaning solar panel in a desert

    I am making a self cooling & self cleaning solar. I have already finished the cooling part by attaching fins from the back of the solar. Now, I am going to clean the solar using compressed air system. I am going to attach a 35 in tube from one of the sides of the solar and has a diameter of...
  23. Jafar Hussain Shah

    Charge Separation and solar cells?

    hi, i want to know that how many techniques are being used for charge separation? and which one is more effective for solar cell? can you give some idea about it that which one is better and how to make better power conversion efficiency. after going thoroughly through literature review i am...
  24. J

    A Why 15 million K is sufficient for fusion in solar core?

    Wikipedia says that solar core has 15 millions of Kelvins ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_core ), what translates into ~1.4 keV energy per degree of freedom. For nuclear fusion we need to take the two nuclei to distance of range of nuclear forces: ~1fm (...
  25. E

    I Solar System Origins: Angular Momentum Problem?

    Hi guys, This is basically a quick question to hopefully find some pointers on a topic I've been browsing the internet on to not much success. Basically the topic I'm trying to find more information on is the angular momentum problem with the "nebular hypothesis" of the formation of our solar...
  26. Muhammad Syahril

    B Your Opinion On This Solar Cooker

    First of all, even I did mentioned Solar Cooker, the main goal is to reach most temperature of 500ml of water in 30 minutes. Basic information that I have is some material with different thermal conductivity. I seek for simple english language and a bit complex physics language. The idea of...
  27. F

    I Orientation of the Earth, Sun and Solar System in the Milky Way

    I've been tinkering with a few diagrams in an attempt to illustrate the motion of the solar system in its journey around the Milky Way. I also wanted portray how the celestial, ecliptic and galactic coordinate systems are related to each other in a single picture. Note: in the Celestial, or...
  28. S

    Reflective solar shortwave & emissive long range film?

    Looking for recommendations for two commercially available films and coatings, the best for... #1 - Maximum reflectance, regardless AOI, for short wave sunlight primarily and, secondarily, reflects some or a lot of long wave, and thirdly, also good emissivity for any of the spectrum. Appreciate...
  29. S

    Finding series and shunt resistance of solar cell

    Hi, I am trying to find out series and shunt resistance of solar cell from I-V curve which starts from Isc and going to Voc. I read some papers and for single illumination mostly said Rs= -(dv/dI)V=Voc and Rsh= -(dv/dI)I=Isc. so I am finidng Rs from slope between points from Vmax to Voc, and...
  30. G

    Solar furnace for metal extraction - would it work?

    I thought about a solar furnace prototype. It is like this: light from the Sun is concentrated with a system of parabolic and plane mirrors on the surface of a rock, which is contained inside a vessel. The light and heat is not meant to reach the vessel, only the rock; the vessel could be...
  31. G

    I Lunar versus Solar orbit at solstices

    Disclaimer: The questions below were raised by an article that's most definitely pseudoscience. The questions themselves have nothing to do with what makes it "pseudo", though, so don't let that put you off, please. :)Quoting from [crackpot link removed by mentor] (I'd advise you only to read...
  32. Dr Wu

    X-rays produced by Solar Flares/CMEs

    Poster's warning: this will be the second time I've touched upon the subject of solar flares here in Physics Forums, for which I offer my apologies. Nevertheless, I seek clarification about the likely effects of what a seriously powerful flare (or CME) would have, either upon an astronaut in...
  33. Noisy Rhysling

    Stability of Polar Solar Orbits: Can a Planet Change its Host Star?

    I need a planet to be orbiting it's sun in a polar orbit. Is this a stable configuration?
  34. J

    I How to derive full solar sprectrum from gamma rays

    I understand that the fusion of hydrogen to helium in our sun's core generates gamma rays. My question is how are these gamma rays transformed to the full spectrum of photons that we that we observe from earth?
  35. P

    Solar panels vs reflecting surface?

    Assuming that a black solar panel has an efficiency of 20%. This energy could be used instead of burning oil and decreasing CO2 emission. But the black color also accumulates a significant amount of the solar energy into heat locally on planet surface. Comparing this with a white panel (non...
  36. Allen_Wolf

    B Solar Energy at Mars: How Much Can Be Produced?

    How much energy can be produced by a solar cell in mars?
  37. DaveC426913

    Efficient and Affordable Solar Pool Heating Solutions

    My longtime friend moved recently and his new place has an in-ground pool. He's a bit* of an Engineering nerd he has decided to build a solar heater from scratch. Him being a neophyte at the art of pool science though, I felt it my duty - despite being someone who never got his own custom...
  38. wolram

    Will Solar Power Outshine Oil in the Near Future?

    If you can spare the time to listen to this ADVERT, do you believe solar power will over take oil? http://pro.moneyweekresearch.com/FTI-launch-29AIMAD/PFTIS7A1/Full?h=true
  39. D

    Solar Panel Voltage Boost Troubleshooting

    Hello, I Have built a 50w solar panel that gives an output of ~ 9.2v @ 5-6 amps during a good day. This is not enough to charge a 12v battery. To get around this, I am trying to use a DC-DC boost converter (specifications are below) and it is set to give an output voltage of 13.5v. The only...
  40. D

    Solar tracking system for solar panel

    Hi everyone i am working on a solar tracking system for a.solar panel that i made wheighting about 30kg , i was wondering where to start looking for books where they may give examples of.such devices with mechanisms and control theory or if.by any chance you have knowledge on the subject and...
  41. U

    What is the (n,k) value of hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide?

    Hello, I'm working on simulation of hydrogenated amorphous and microcristalline silicon solar cells. The software I use is AMPS 1D So, I need (n,k) of hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC:H) Thank you
  42. Astronuc

    B Outer Solar System Origins Survey, Dwarf Planets and TNOs

    "Nearly 1000 TNOs known to inhabit the outer Solar System have been discovered by OSSOS (or earlier CFEPS)." - OSSOS http://www.ossos-survey.org/tnodb.html "Started in February 2013, OSSOS is a four-year project using the MegaPrime camera, a 1x1 degree imager on the 3.6m Canada-France-Hawaii...
  43. parshyaa

    B Understanding the Mystery of Sunlight Bending During a Solar Eclipse

    during solar eclipse , moon's shadow on Earth is almost a point [267 km which is a 0.00000523 % of Earth's surface area] which means that sun light must bend, if it is not bending then we would never get a point shadow of moon on earth. now the question arises why sun light bends, is it a...
  44. petrushkagoogol

    I Disequilibrium of the solar system

    As the Sun's supply of hydrogen gradually gets exhausted gravity takes over and predominates over fusion energy. As this happens does the equilibrium of the solar system gets distorted, and if so is there a cut-off point for the same ? o0)
  45. W

    I Solar physics: coronal holes & sunspot cycles

    Does anyone know if there is a relationship between corneal holes and the sunspot cycle? As we move in now towards solar minimum should we expect to see a big decline in corona holes? I have noticed a lot less sun spots over the last few months but the frequency of coronal holes seems to be...
  46. W

    Solar Panel System Troubleshooting - Charging Battery

    Have built a small solar panel system to power some garden LED lights. However, I am having trouble with charging the battery. Lights work for 1 night then off for 2-3 days. System is: 20w solar panel, 12v 30a pwm solar charge controller, 12v 18ah battery powering 6x3w LED Cree lights with...
  47. E

    B Solar cell educational graphics - review for possible errors

    Hi, Jake here. I've created some graphics about solar cells that covers high level, general info and even delves into some atomic-level subjects. However, I'm no physicist and I'm sure it shows. If any of you could take a quick look at my work and review for errors, that would be awesome. My...
  48. C

    Capacitor charging above solar cell voltage?

    This has been confusing me a lot lately. I built a type of battery derived from a solar cell that outputs a constant voltage of 0.5 Volts. My original plan was to work out a method to boost this voltage to around 1V to power a joule thief and light an LED using a capacitor charged by the cell...
  49. I

    Python Is Leapfrog the best choice for N-body simulations?

    Hey guys! Working on a side project using machine learning and n-body simulations. I could just use the library Rebound (http://rebound.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) but I decided to first try building my own simulator before taking shortcuts. Simulation uses the masses of the bodies (from Sun...
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